Impact of Combined Aerobic and Weight Training Exercise on Body Fat Composition in Elderly Population in Panti Wredha Budi Dharma

Almeira Merva Nadiraputri, Dr. dr. Ida IDewa Putu Pramantara, Sp.PD-KGer; dr. Eko Aribowo, M.Kes., Sp.PD-KGer

2026 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Proses penuaan mengakibatkan peningkatan massa lemak tubuh dan redistribusi jaringan adiposa, terutama akumulasi lemak visceral yang erat berkaitan dengan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, dan penurunan kemampuan fungsional pada lansia. Program senam lansia yang umum diterapkan di fasilitas panti wredha Indonesia cenderung berfokus pada latihan aerobik saja, meskipun bukti ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi latihan aerobik dan latihan beban memberikan manfaat yang lebih optimal dalam menurunkan komposisi lemak tubuh.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruhkombinasi latihan aerobik dan latihan beban terhadap komposisilemak tubuh pada lansia di UPT RPSLUT Budi Dharma Yogyakarta.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuasi-eksperimental dengan desain pre-test dan post-test. Sebanyak 18 lansia yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi menyelesaikan program intervensi selama 8 minggu, dengan frekuensi 3 kali seminggu dan durasi 45 menit per sesi. Pengukuran komposisi lemak tubuh dilakukan menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) OMRON tipe HBF-375. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lingkar pinggang, rasio pinggang-pinggul (waist-to-hip ratio/WHR), persentase total lemak tubuh, lemak visceral, serta lemak subkutan batang tubuh, lengan, dan tungkai. Analisis statistikmenggunakan paired t-test dengan tingkat signifikansi p < 0>

Hasil: Sebanyak 18 peserta (6 laki-laki, 12 perempuan; rerata usia70,1 ± 5,94 tahun) menyelesaikan intervensi. Terdapat penurunanyang signifikan secara statistik pada WHR (0,89 ke 0,86; p=0,001), total lemak tubuh (22,55% ke 20,57%; p=0,038), lemak visceral (5,22 ke 4,66; p=0,044), lingkar pinggang (83,06 ke 81,31 cm; p=0,034), serta lemak subkutan batang tubuh (p=0,039), lengan(p=0,039), dan tungkai (p=0,038). IMT tidak menunjukkanperubahan yang bermakna (p=0,985).

Kesimpulan: Kombinasi latihan aerobik dan latihan beban selama 8 minggu secara signifikan menurunkan total lemak tubuh, lemak visceral, dan rasio pinggang-pinggul pada lansia di panti wredha. Program ini berpotensi diimplementasikan sebagai intervensi terstruktur dalam fasilitas perawatan lansia di Indonesia.

Background: Aging progressively increases total fat mass and redistributes adipose tissue toward central and visceral depots, elevating the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and functional decline in older adults. The standard elderly exercise program in Indonesian nursing homes, commonly known as senam lansia, emphasises aerobic activity alone, despite evidence that integrating resistance training more effectively targets visceral fat and ectopic fat deposition.

Objective: This study investigated the impact of a combined aerobic and weight training program on body fat composition in elderly residents of UPT RPSLUT Budi Dharma, Yogyakarta.

Method: A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was employed. Eighteen participants who met the inclusion criteria completed an 8-week intervention consisting of three 45-minute sessions per week combining moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (50–75% HRmax) and weight training (50–80% 1-RM). Body fat composition was assessed using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) OMRON type HBF-375. Measured variables included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), total body fat percentage, visceral fat level, and trunk, arm, and leg subcutaneous fat percentages. Data were analysed using paired t-tests; Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied where normality was not met.

Results: Eighteen participants (6 males, 12 females; mean age 70.1 ± 5.94 years) completed the intervention. Statistically significant reductions were observed in WHR (0.89 to 0.86; p=0.001), total body fat (22.55% to 20.57%; p=0.038), visceral fat (5.22 to 4.66; p=0.044), waist circumference (83.06 to 81.31 cm; p=0.034), trunk subcutaneous fat (p=0.039), arm subcutaneous fat (p=0.039), and leg subcutaneous fat (p=0.038). BMI did not change significantly (p=0.985).

Conclusion: Eight weeks of combined aerobic and weight training produced significant reductions in total body fat, visceral fat, and waist-to-hip ratio in institutionalised elderly. These findings support the structured integration of combined exercise programs in nursing home settings across Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : aerobic exercise, weight training, body fat composition, elderly, visceral fat