Formulasi Krim Antijerawat dari Minyak Atsiri Herba Sirih Cina (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth.) dengan Kombinasi Tween 80 dan Span 80 sebagai Emulgator

Muhamad Tinton, Dr. apt. Indah Purwantini, M.Si.; Dr. apt. T. N. Saifullah Sulaiman, M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Jerawat (acne vulgaris) merupakan penyakit kulit kronis dengan prevalensi global 9,4%, disebabkan oleh hipersebum, hiperkeratinisasi folikel, kolonisasi Cutibacterium acnes, dan inflamasi. Resistensi antibiotik pada terapi konvensional mendorong pengembangan alternatif alami. Minyak atsiri herba sirih cina (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth.) berpotensi sebagai bahan aktif antijerawat karena aktivitas antibakteri dan antiinflamasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan formula krim antijerawat berbasis minyak atsiri herba sirih cina dengan variasi emulgator Tween 80 dan Span 80 menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD), serta mengevaluasi stabilitas fisik dan aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap C. acnes. Minyak atsiri herba sirih cina diperoleh melalui distilasi uap-air, dianalisis dengan GC-MS, dan ditentukan nilai KHM-nya terhadap C. acnes menggunakan metode mikrodilusi yang dikonfirmasi dengan uji statistik One-Way ANOVA dan Tukey B. Formula krim O/W dioptimasi menggunakan SLD dengan variasi Tween 80 dan Span 80 pada rentang 1–6% (total 7%) terhadap tiga parameter respons: viskositas, daya lekat, dan daya sebar. Formula optimum diverifikasi secara statistik, kemudian diuji stabilitasnya selama 28 hari mengacu pedoman ICH Q1A(R2), serta diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap C. acnes ATCC 6919 menggunakan metode difusi agar sumuran. Minyak atsiri herba sirih cina mengandung 40 senyawa dengan dillapiole (37,14%) dan carotol (23,81%) sebagai komponen dominan, serta menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 0,055% v/b. Minyak atsiri menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap C. acnes dengan nilai KHM 5,58 mg/mL dan IC50 3,602 mg/mL. Formula optimum krim diperoleh pada kombinasi Tween 80 4,88?n Span 80 2,12%, dengan karakteristik fisik yang memenuhi kriteria sediaan topikal, yaitu viskositas 5511 ± 69,66 mPa.s, daya lekat 2,073 ± 0,224 detik, dan daya sebar 28,265 ± 0,942 cm² (desirability 0,716). Krim juga stabil selama 28 hari penyimpanan tanpa pemisahan fase dengan pH 5–6. Meskipun formula krim tidak menunjukkan zona hambat pada metode difusi agar, aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri yang teramati pada uji mikrodilusi menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan difusi senyawa lipofilik dalam media agar diduga memengaruhi hasil pengujian. Oleh karena itu, minyak atsiri herba sirih cina perlu untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai sediaan antijerawat berbasis bahan alam dengan metode evaluasi dan sistem penghantaran yang lebih sesuai.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin condition with a global prevalence of 9.4%, caused by sebum overproduction, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammation. Antibiotic resistance in conventional therapy has driven the development of natural alternatives. The essential oil of shining bush (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth.) has potential as an active anti-acne ingredient due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to optimize an acne cream formulation based on shining bush herb essential oil with variations in Tween 80 and Span 80 emulsifiers using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method, as well as to evaluate its physical stability and antibacterial activity against C. acnes. The essential oil of shining bush herb was obtained via steam-water distillation, analyzed by GC-MS, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against C. acnes was determined using the microdilution method, confirmed by One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s B statistical tests. The O/W cream formulation was optimized using SLD with variations of Tween 80 and Span 80 in the range of 1– 6% (total 7%) against three response parameters: viscosity, adhesion, and spreadability. The optimal formulation was statistically verified, then tested for stability over 28 days in accordance with ICH Q1A(R2) guidelines, and tested for antibacterial activity against C. acnes ATCC 6919 using the agar well diffusion method. The essential oil of shining bush herb contains 40 compounds, with dillapiole (37.14%) and carotol (23.81%) as the dominant components, and yields 0.055% (v/w). The essential oil exhibits antibacterial activity against C. acnes with an MIC value of 5.58 mg/mL and an IC50 of 3.602 mg/mL. The optimal cream formulation was obtained with a combination of 4.88% Tween 80 and 2.12% Span 80, with physical characteristics meeting the criteria for a topical formulation, namely viscosity 5511 ± 69.66 mPa.s, adhesion time 2.073 ± 0.224 seconds, and spread area 28.265 ± 0.942 cm² (desirability 0.716). The cream also remained stable for 28 days of storage without phase separation and pH of 5–6. Although the cream formulation did not show an inhibition zone in the agar diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil observed in the microdilution test suggests that the limited diffusion of lipophilic compounds in the agar medium likely influenced the test results. Therefore, shining bush herb essential oil needs to be developed further as a natural-based acne treatment using more appropriate evaluation methods and delivery systems

Kata Kunci : Peperomia pellucida, minyak atsiri, Tween 80, Span 80, krim antijerawat