IDENTIFIKASI GEOSITE PULAU NEIRA, KEPULAUAN BANDA, KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH, PROVINSI MALUKU SEBAGAI LANDASAN PENENTUAN KAWASAN GEOKONSERVASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)

Sophie Aprodhita Amundsend, Agus Hendratno., S.T., M.T.; Dr.Eng. Ir. Didit Hadi Barianto, S.T., M.Si., IPM.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEOLOGI

Kepulauan Banda, khususnya Pulau Neira di Maluku Tengah, merupakan wilayah vulkanik aktif pada Busur Banda Dalam yang dicirikan oleh kekayaan warisan geologi dan sejarah kolonial. Meskipun perairan di sekitarnya telah ditetapkan sebagai Taman Wisata Perairan, potensi geologi daratan Pulau Neira belum dievaluasi secara sistematis untuk mendukung upaya geokonservasi dan pengembangan Geopark. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi secara kuantitatif kelayakan geosite di Pulau Neira menggunakan pendekatan penilaian multikriteria berbasis metode Analytical Hierarchy Process. Data diperoleh melalui inventarisasi dan karakterisasi geosite berbasis lapangan disertai analisis petrografi sayatan tipis, kemudian dilakukan pembobotan parameter menggunakan perbandingan berpasangan berdasarkan parameter gabungan Reynard dkk. 2007, Kubalikova 2013, dan Standar Assessment Geosite Badan Geologi 2017 yang meliputi nilai saintifik, edukasi, ekonomi, konservasi, dan kebudayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Neira tersusun atas tiga satuan geomorfologi utama, yaitu dinding kaldera, punggungan aliran lava, dan dataran kaldera, yang terbentuk oleh lava andesit, lava basalt, serta endapan piroklastik. Sebanyak delapan geosite berhasil diidentifikasi, yaitu Pantai Malole, Pantai Lautaka, Tanjung Lautaka, Pantai Tanahrata, Gua Manangis, Lava Batupanjang, Bukit Kaldera Papenberg, dan Bukit Benteng Belgica, yang secara kolektif merepresentasikan seluruh fase periodesasi vulkanik Kompleks Vulkanik Banda. Evaluasi berbasis metode Analytical Hierarchy Process menghasilkan empat geosite berkategori tinggi yaitu Bukit Benteng Belgica dengan persentase kelayakan 77,30%, Bukit Kaldera Papenberg 73,81%, Pantai Malole 71,46%, dan Gua Manangis 64,90%, serta empat geosite berkategori sedang yaitu Pantai Tanahrata 53,08%, Pantai Lautaka 52,19%, Lava Batupanjang 49,55%, dan Tanjung Lautaka 49,21%. Hasil ini menegaskan nilai geologi Pulau Neira yang signifikan serta interaksinya yang kuat dengan aspek budaya, sehingga mendukung kelayakannya sebagai kawasan geokonservasi. Integrasi nilai geologi, perlindungan ekosistem laut, dan warisan budaya memberikan dasar ilmiah bagi pengembangan kebijakan konservasi terpadu dan pariwisata berkelanjutan, serta mendorong sinergi antara pelestarian lingkungan dan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat lokal.

The Banda Islands, particularly Neira Island in Central Maluku, constitute an active volcanic region within the Inner Banda Arc, characterized by rich geological heritage and colonial history. Although the surrounding waters have been designated as a Marine Tourism Area, the terrestrial geological potential of Neira Island has not been systematically evaluated to support geoconservation efforts and Geopark development. This study aims to identify and quantitatively evaluate the feasibility of geosites on Neira Island using a multicriteria assessment approach based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. Data were obtained through field-based geosite inventory and characterization accompanied by thin section petrographic analysis, followed by parameter weighting using pairwise comparisons based on the combined parameters of Reynard et al. 2007, Kubalikova 2013, and the Geosite Assessment Standard of the Geological Agency of Indonesia 2017, encompassing scientific, educational, economic, conservation, and cultural values. The results indicate that Neira Island is composed of three main geomorphological units, namely the caldera wall, lava flow ridge, and caldera plain, formed by andesitic lava, basaltic lava, and pyroclastic deposits. A total of eight geosites were successfully identified, namely Malole Beach, Lautaka Beach, Lautaka Cape, Tanahrata Beach, Manangis Cave, Batupanjang Lava, Papenberg Caldera Hill, and Belgica Fort Hill, which collectively represent all phases of the volcanic periodization of the Banda Volcanic Complex. Evaluation using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method yielded four geosites in the high category, namely Belgica Fort Hill with a feasibility percentage of 77.30%, Papenberg Caldera Hill 73.81%, Malole Beach 71.46%, and Manangis Cave 64.90%, and four geosites in the moderate category, namely Tanahrata Beach 53.08%, Lautaka Beach 52.19%, Batupanjang Lava 49.55%, and Lautaka Cape 49.21%. These results affirm the significant geological value of Neira Island and its strong interaction with cultural aspects, thereby supporting its feasibility as a geoconservation area. The integration of geological values, marine ecosystem protection, and cultural heritage provides a scientific basis for the development of integrated conservation policies and sustainable tourism, while promoting synergy between environmental preservation and local community economic empowerment.

Kata Kunci : Geosite Assessment, Geoconservation, Banda Neira, Volcanic Geoheritage