Keragaman Genetik Pokea, Batissa violacea (Lamarck, 1818), dari Sungai Pohara, Sulawesi Tenggara Berdasarkan Gen Mitokondria 16S rRNA

Dhea Amelia, Prof. Dra. Tuty Arisuryanti, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, termasuk pokea (Batissa violacea (Lamarck, 1818)) yang banyak ditemukan di perairan tawar seperti Sungai Pohara, Sulawesi Tenggara. Kerang pokea memiliki nilai ekologis dan ekonomis penting, namun informasi mengenai keragaman genetiknya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi keragaman genetik pokea dari Sungai Pohara menggunakan gen mitokondria 16S rRNA sebagai penanda genetik. Penelitian dilakukan melalui ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi DNA, elektroforesis, purifikasi DNA, dan sekuensing DNA. Hasil yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan GeneStudio, DNASTAR, MEGA, DnaSP, NETWORK, BEAST, dan GENALEX. Hasil analisis variasi genetik intrapopulasi menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 sampel pokea diperoleh 8 haplotype dengan nilai haplotype diversity sebesar 0,956±0,00353 dan nucleotide diversity sebesar 0,00545±0,0000015. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa populasi pokea di Sungai Pohara memiliki keragaman genetik intrapopulasi. Selanjutnya analisis haplotype network dan Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) dengan sampel pembanding dari database GenBank menunjukkan adanya sharing haplotype.

Indonesia is one of the countries with high biodiversity, including pokea (Batissa violacea (Lamarck, 1818)), which is commonly found in freshwater ecosystems such as the Pohara River, Southeast Sulawesi. Pokea clams have important ecological and economic value; however, information regarding their genetic diversity remains limited. This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of pokea from the Pohara River using the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene as a genetic marker. The study was conducted through DNA extraction, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, DNA purification, and DNA sequencing. Data obtained then analyzed using GeneStudio, DNASTAR, MEGA, DnaSP, NETWORK, BEAST, and GENALEX. The results showed that 8 haplotypes were identified from 10 pokea samples, with a haplotype diversity value of 0.956±0,00353 and a nucleotide diversity value of 0.00545±0,0000015. The results of this study indicate that the pokea population in the Pohara River exhibits intrapopulation genetic variation. Furthermore, haplotype network analysis and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) with comparison samples from the GenBank database showed the presence of haplotype sharing.

Kata Kunci : Batissa violacea, gen mitokondria 16S, keragaman genetik