KONSEP PENGATURAN EKONOMI HIJAU DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL BERBASIS NET-ZERO EMISSIONS

Ray Christian, Dr. Wahyu Yun Santosa, S.H, M.Hum, LL.M.

2026 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HUKUM JAKARTA

Penelitian dilakukan dengan bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pemaknaan dan penerapan konsep pengaturan ekonomi hijau dari perjanjian internasional, NDC, RPJPN-RPJMN, dan strategi instrumen ekonomi (carbon pricing and tax), industri (market, investment and ESG), dan energi (electricity roadmap and phase-out coal) dalam mendukung pembangunan nasional berbasis net-zero emissions. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Normatif dengan didukung data Empiris, berdasarkan data primer yang diperoleh dari Panin Sekuritas dan Direktorat Lingkungan Hidup Bappenas, dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan. Metode perumusan masalah menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan, konseptual dan implementasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan penjelasan deskriptif analitis, dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan metode deduktif. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan: Pertama, Indonesia menganut konsep ekonomi hijau berparadigma pro-pertumbuhan 6-7% PDB, berperspektif inkrementalis, dan berimplikasi ekonomi lingkungan. Perlindungan lingkungan merupakan instrumen pertumbuhan, bersolusi pasar dan teknologi optimism, namun rentan berkelanjutan. Kerangka hukum, Paris Agreement Pasal 2 ayat (2) soft law dan (1) finance flow, dan implementasi NDC melalui strategi Ekonomi Hijau RPJPN-RPJMN. Kedua, Pembangunan Nasional menunjukan tren positif, bertumbuh naik dengan skor 59.17, 2020. Tertinggi Pilar Ekonomi, stabil Pilar Sosial, dan terendah Pilar Lingkungan. Strategi Ekonomi Hijau, instrumen ekonomi, memerlukan penyempurnaan penerapan strategi, roadmap kebijakan fiskal carbon pricing dan tax Perpres No. 110/2025 dan UU No.7/2021. Instrumen industri, memerlukan penciptaan peraturan perluasan cakupan POJK No. 51/POJK.03/2017 untuk mendorong transisi hijau. Instrumen Energi, penerapan konsistensi regulasi dan birokrasi Permen ESDM No. 10/2025 sehingga tidak menciptakan inkonsistensi determinasi Indonesia mencapai net-zero emissions. Sehingga terbuka ruang dalam mendukung Pembangunan Nasional sesuai Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945, asas dan tujuan UU No. 32/2009.

This study was conducted to identify and analyze the interpretation and implementation of the regulatory framework for a green economy as outlined in international treaty, NDCs, the RPJPN-RPJMN, and strategies involving economic instruments (carbon pricing and taxes), industry (market, investment, and ESG), and energy (electricity roadmaps and coal phase-out) in support of net-zero emissions-based national development. The reseach was conducted using a normative method supported by empirical data, based on primary data obtained from Panin Sekuritas and the Directorate of the Environment at Bappenas, as well as secondary data obtained from a literature review. The issue formulation method utilized legislative, comparative, conceptual, and implementation approaches. Data analysis utilitized qualitative methods, featuring descriptive-analytical explanations, and conclusions were drawn using deductive reasoning. This study concludes: First, Indonesia adopts a green economy concept based on a pro-growth paradigm of 6-7% GDP, an incrementalist perspective, and environmentaleconomic implications. Environmental protection serves as an instrument of growth, relying on market-based solutions and technological optimsm, yet remains vulnerable in terms of sustainability. The legal framework includeds Article 2 (2) soft law, and Article 2 (1) financial flows of the Paris Agreement, as well as the implementation of the NDC through the Green Economy strategy in the RPJPN-RPJMN. Second, National Development shows a positive trend, growing upward with a score of 59.17 in 2020. The Economic Pillar scored the highest, the Social Pillar remained stable, and the Environmental Pillar showed the lowest. The Green Economy Strategy, as an economic instrument, requires improvements in strategy implementation, a roadmap for fiscal policy on carbon pricing and taxes under Presidential Regulation No. 110/2025 and Law No. 7/2021. As an Industrial instrument, it requires the creation of regulations to expand the scope of OJK Regulation No. 51/POJK.03/2017 to drive the green transition. Energy Instruments require the consistent application of regulations and bureaucratic procedures under ESDM Regulation No. 10/2025 to avoid creating inconsistencies in Indonesia’s determination to achieve net-zero emissions. This will create room to support National Development in accordance with Article 33 (3) of the 1945 Constitution, as well as the principles and objectives of Law No. 32/2009.

Kata Kunci : Paris Agreement, RPJPN-RPJMN, Ekonomi Hijau, Net-Zero Emissions, Emisi Karbon.