Analisis Gender dalam Pengelolaan Pertanian Berbasis Climate Smart Agriculture sebagai Strategi Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim di Kalurahan Selopamioro, Kapanewon Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul

Septi Nurhasanah, Prof. Subejo, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Siti Andarwati, S.Pt., M.P., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

Perubahan iklim meningkatkan kerentanan sektor pertanian, terutama pada komoditas hortikultura seperti bawang merah.  Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menganalisis persepsi petani terhadap dampak negatif perubahan iklim serta strategi Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) yang diterapkan; (2) menganalisis perbedaan peran gender pada rumah tangga petani bawang merah. Pendakatan yang digunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan informan yang dipilih secara purposif di Kalurahan Selopamioro, Kapanewon Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), studi dokumen, dan studi kepustakaan yang kemudian diuji menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki persepsi yang relatif sama terhadap indikator perubahan iklim. Namun, perbedaan mulai tampak pada persepsi petani laki-laki dan perempuan pada dampak negatif perubahan iklim terhadap budidaya bawang merah dan ekonomi rumah tangga tani. Laki-laki lebih menekankan pada input dan proses produksi serta keberlanjutan usaha tani. Sedangkan perempuan menyoroti dampak output produksi dan tekanan keberlanjutan ekonomi rumah tangga. Strategi CSA yang diterapkan meliputi penanaman serentak, varietas unggul, pengaturan jarak tanam, embung dan sumur bor, sprinkler, irigasi tetes, rotasi tanaman, tumpang gilir, pupuk organik, dan pengendalian hama terpadu. Kemudian, peran gender menunjukkan pada aktivitas produktif laki-laki dominan pekerjaan berat, teknis, dan berisko, perempuan dominan pekerjaan yang membutuhkan ketelitian dan ketekunan. Pada aktivitas reproduktif, perempuan menjadi pelaku utama dalam kegiatan tersebut serta laki-laki terlihat pada pekerjaan rumah tangga yang bersifat non-rutin. Aktivitas sosial kemasyarakatan menunjukkan jika laki-laki terlibat dalam forum formal serta perempuan pada forum informal. Untuk kontrol terhadap sumberdaya produksi, dominansi oleh laki-laki, sedangkan kontrol terhadap manfaat dominan perempuan dengan keduanya sama-sama mendapatkan akses terhadap sumberdaya produktif maupun manfaat. Relasi gender ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial budaya, ekonomi, kelembagaan, serta kebijakan hukum. Temuan analisis tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa persepsi perubahan iklim maupun penerapan CSA dipengaruhi oleh relasi gender sehingga penguatan kapasitas adaptasi perlu dilakukan secara lebih responsif gender.

Climate change has increased the vulnerability of the agricultural sector, particularly horticultural commodities such as shallots. This study aims to: (1) examine farmers’ perceptions of the adverse impacts of climate change and the Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) strategies they have adopted; and (2) analyze gender roles within shallot-farming households. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with informants purposively selected from Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Subdistrict, Bantul Regency. Data were collected through observation, interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), document analysis, and literature review. The validity of the data was assessed through source and methodological triangulation. The findings indicate that male and female farmers share relatively similar perceptions regarding the indicators of climate change. However, differences emerge in their perceptions of the negative impacts of climate change on shallot cultivation and household livelihoods. Male farmers tend to emphasize issues related to production inputs, cultivation processes, and the long-term viability of farming operations. In contrast, female farmers are more concerned with production outcomes and the economic pressures affecting household sustainability. The CSA strategies implemented by farmers include synchronized planting schedules, the use of improved varieties, optimized plant spacing, farm reservoirs and bore wells, sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, crop rotation, relay cropping, organic fertilizers, and integrated pest management. Gender roles were also found to differ across farming and household activities. In productive activities, men predominantly undertake physically demanding, technical, and high-risk tasks, whereas women are more involved in activities requiring precision and persistence. In reproductive activities, women remain the primary actors, while men generally participate in non-routine household tasks. In community activities, men tend to engage in formal forums and organizations, whereas women are more active in informal social networks. Control over productive resources is largely dominated by men, while women play a more prominent role in controlling the benefits derived from farming. Nevertheless, both men and women have access to productive resources and their associated benefits. These gender relations are shaped by socio-cultural, economic, institutional, and legal-policy factors. The findings suggest that both perceptions of climate change and the adoption of CSA practices are influenced by gender dynamics. Therefore, efforts to strengthen adaptive capacity should be designed and implemented in a more gender-responsive manner.

Kata Kunci : gender, persepsi, Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), bawang merah, perubahan iklim