ANALISIS RISIKO OPERASIONAL KERETA BATTERY ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNIT (BEMU) PT KERETA API INDONESIA

achmad fachrul megananda, Luluk Lusiantoro, S.E., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN (MM) JAKARTA

Implementasi awal Battery Electric Multiple Unit (BEMU) di PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PT KAI) merupakan bagian dari program replacement sarana sekaligus bentuk adopsi teknologi baru pada sistem perkeretaapian nasional. Sebagai teknologi yang belum memiliki pengalaman operasi aktual di lingkungan PT KAI, penerapan BEMU pada tahap awal berpotensi menimbulkan risiko operasional yang dapat memengaruhi keselamatan, keandalan, dan kinerja operasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor risiko operasional yang berpotensi muncul pada tahap awal pengoperasian BEMU serta menganalisis tingkat risiko dan menyusun mitigasi risiko yang relevan dan aplikatif bagi PT KAI. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada rencana pengoperasian BEMU pada layanan Commuter Line Bandung Raya.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif interpretatif dengan dukungan kuantifikasi melalui skoring Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, kuesioner FMEA, dan telaah dokumen internal. Analisis dilakukan melalui tahapan identifikasi risiko, analisis risiko menggunakan parameter severity, occurrence, dan detection, evaluasi tingkat risiko berdasarkan nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN), serta penyusunan rencana mitigasi risiko.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahap awal pengoperasian BEMU di PT KAI terdapat 29 risiko operasional yang tersebar pada enam aktivitas utama. Berdasarkan evaluasi risiko, terdapat 7 risiko rendah, 17 risiko sedang, 5 risiko tinggi, dan tidak terdapat risiko sangat tinggi. Lima risiko prioritas tertinggi adalah tertemper kendaraan lain pada perlintasan sebidang, kerusakan komponen gagal diketahui, sarana yang datang tidak sesuai dengan spesifikasi, gangguan sistem traksi atau sistem utama saat perjalanan, serta kompetensi SDM pemeriksa belum siap. Strategi pengelolaan risiko terutama diarahkan pada minimize risk, sedangkan share risk dan transfer risk diterapkan secara selektif pada risiko yang melibatkan pihak eksternal. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi awal BEMU perlu dipahami sebagai perubahan sistem operasi yang menuntut kesiapan organisasi secara menyeluruh, bukan sekadar pengadaan sarana baru.

The initial implementation of Battery Electric Multiple Unit (BEMU) at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PT KAI) is part of the rolling stock replacement program and reflects the adoption of new technology in Indonesia’s railway system. As a technology with no prior actual operating experience within PT KAI, the early operation of BEMU may generate various operational risks that could affect safety, reliability, and operational performance. Therefore, this study aims to identify the operational risk factors that may arise during the initial stage of BEMU operation, analyze the level of risk, and formulate relevant and applicable mitigation strategies for PT KAI. The study focuses on the planned operation of BEMU on the Bandung Raya Commuter Line.

This study employed an interpretative qualitative approach supported by quantitative analysis through Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) scoring. Data were collected through observation, interviews, FMEA questionnaires, and internal document review. The analysis consisted of risk identification, risk analysis using the severity, occurrence, and detection parameters, risk evaluation based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN), and the development of risk mitigation plans.

The results show that the initial stage of BEMU operation at PT KAI involves 29 operational risks distributed across six main activities: operation planning, train preparation, shunting, train operation, charging, and stabling and maintenance. Based on the risk evaluation, 7 risks were classified as low, 17 as medium, 5 as high, and none as very high. The five highest-priority risks are collisions with other vehicles at level crossings, undetected component failures, rolling stock delivered not in accordance with specifications, traction or main system failures during operation, and the lack of readiness of inspection personnel competencies. The findings indicate that risk management should primarily emphasize minimize risk, while share risk and transfer risk should be applied selectively to risks involving external parties. This study shows that the initial implementation of BEMU should be understood not merely as rolling stock procurement, but as an operational system change requiring comprehensive organizational readiness.

Kata Kunci : Risiko Operasional, Battery Electric Multiple Unit (BEMU), FMEA, Risk Priority Number, Mitigasi Risiko, Perkeretaapian, PT KAI