Hubungan Paparan Debu Batubara Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) dengan Keluhan Pernapasan pada Pekerja Mine Facility PT X

Dien Aulina Nurbaety, dr. Nur Arfian, Ph.D. ; Ari Prayogo Pribadi, ST., MT., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Kegiatan penambangan batubara di Indonesia yang didominasi oleh sistem penambangan terbuka (open pit mining) menyebabkan debu dari aktivitas pengambilan, pemrosesan, penyimpanan, dan pengangkutan batubara khususnya jenis fine particle seperti PM2.5 mudah menyebar dan berpotensi lebih tinggi kontak dengan pekerja. Paparan PM2.5 dalam jangka panjang dapat memunculkan keluhan pernapasan seperti sesak napas, mengi, batuk berdahak, sakit tenggorokan, infeksi saluran pernapasan akut yang kemudian dapat berdampak pada penurunan fungsi paru. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan paparan debu jenis PM2.5 dengan keluhan pernapasan pada pekerja mine facility PT X. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian mencakup 47 pekerja divisi mine facility PT X. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM2.5 dilakukan menggunakan DustTrak aerosol monitoring pada 5 lokasi yakni control room, power plant house, stockpile, crushing plant, dan utility maintenance. Kuesioner ATS DLD 78A digunakan untuk mengetahui variabel dependen keluhan pernapasan. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi analisis univariat, analisis bivariat, serta analisis multivariabel menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Hasil pengukuran PM2.5 nilai maksimum mencapai 1,460 mg/m3 dan nilai minimum < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>

Background: Coal mining activities in Indonesia, primarily conducted in open-pit mining systems, generate substantial dust emissions during coal extraction, processing, storage, and transportation. Fine particulate matter, particularly particles with an aerodynamic diameter ? 2.5 µm (PM2.5), can readily disperse in the environment, increasing the risk of occupational exposure among workers. Prolonged exposure to PM2.5 has been associated with various respiratory symptoms, including shortness of breath, wheezing, productive cough, sore throat, and acute respiratory infections, which may, in turn, contribute to impaired pulmonary function. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and respiratory complaints among PT X mine facility workers. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was used in this research. The study sample included 47 workers from the mine facility division of PT X. PM2.5 concentrations were measured using a Dust Trak aerosol monitor at 5 locations: the control room, power plant house, stockpile, crushing plant, and utility maintenance. The ATS DLD 78A questionnaire was used to determine the dependent variable of respiratory complaints. The analyses included univariate, bivariate, and multivariable (logistic regression). Result: The maximum PM2.5 measurement was 1.460 mg/m3, and the minimum was < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>

Kata Kunci : PM2.5, keluhan pernapasan, pekerja, tambang batubara