HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI SUSU DENGAN KEPARAHAN KARIES, KEBERSIHAN GIGI, DERAJAT KEASAMAN SALIVA, KAPASITAS BUFFER SALIVA DAN KADAR KALSIUM SALIVA PADA ANAK USIA 5 TAHUN Kajian di Kecamatan Jogorogo, Ngawi, Jawa Timur

Anisa Wahyuningtyas, Prof. Dr. drg. Archadian Nuryanti, M. Kes ; drg. Putri Kusuma Wardani Mahendra, M.Kes., Sp.KGA

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Klinik

INTISARI

Latar belakang: Susu mengandung mineral kalsium dan fosfat yang berperan

dalam remineralisasi gigi, namun konsumsi susu juga berpotensi menurunkan pH

saliva sehingga dapat memicu demineralisasi email. Struktur enamel gigi desidui

lebih tipis dan lebih rentan terhadap kerusakan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya

karies pada anak.

Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan konsumsi susu dengan tingkat keparahan karies,

kebersihan mulut, serta biomarker saliva yang meliputi derajat keasaman saliva,

kapasitas buffer saliva, dan kadar kalsium anak usia 5 tahun di Kecamatan

Jogorogo, Kabupaten Ngawi.

Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan

rancangan cross-sectional yang melibatkan 88 subjek anak sehat berusia lima tahun

serta memiliki gigi desidui lengkap di Kecamatan Jogorogo, Kabupaten Ngawi.

Data konsumsi susu diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh orang tua subjek,

pemeriksaan dilakukan pada pukul 9-11 pagi untuk mengukur keparahan karies

yang dinilai menggunakan Caries Severity Index (CSI), kebersihan mulut

menggunakan modifikasi Personal Hygiene Performance (PHP-M), serta saliva

tidak terstimulasi dikumpulkan untuk pemeriksaan derajat keasaman dan kapasitas

buffer dan kadar kalsium saliva.

Hasil dan pembahasan: Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan adanya

hubungan positif yang signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi susu dengan tingkat

keparahan karies (r = 0,255; p = 0,017), kebersihan gigi (r = 0,211; p = 0,049) dan

hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi susu dengan derajat

keasaman saliva (r = ?0,261; p = 0,014). Penelitian ini tidak menemukan hubungan

yang signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi susu dengan kapasitas buffer dan kadar

kalsium saliva.

Kesimpulan: Frekuensi konsumsi susu berhubungan dengan keparahan karies,

kebersihan gigi dan derajat keasaman saliva, tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan

kapasitas buffer, dan kadar kalsium saliva pada anak usia 5 tahun di Kecamatan

Jogorogo Kabupaten Ngawi.

ABSTRACT

Background: Milk contains calcium and phosphate, which play a role in tooth

remineralization; however, milk consumption may also lower saliva pH, potentially

leading to enamel demineralization. The enamel of primary teeth is thinner and

more susceptible to damage, increasing the risk of dental caries in children.

Objective: To determine the relationship between milk consumption and the

severity of caries, oral hygiene, and salivary biomarkers—including salivary pH,

salivary buffer capacity, and calcium levels—in 5-year-old children in Jogorogo

Subdistrict, Ngawi Regency.

Methods: This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-

sectional approach, involving 88 healthy 5-year-old children with a full set of

deciduous teeth in Jogorogo Subdistrict, Ngawi Regency. Milk consumption data

were obtained via a questionnaire completed by the subjects’ parents; examinations

were conducted between 9 and 11 a.m. to measure caries severity using the Caries

Severity Index (CSI), oral hygiene using the modified Personal Hygiene

Performance (PHP-M) scale, and unstimulated saliva was collected for analysis of

pH, buffer capacity, and calcium levels.

Results and discussion: Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant

positive association between milk consumption frequency and caries severity (r =

0.255; p = 0.017), oral hygiene (r = 0.211; p = 0.049), and a significant negative

correlation between milk consumption frequency and saliva pH (r = ?0.261; p =

0.014). This study did not find a significant association between the frequency of

milk consumption and buffering capacity or salivary calcium levels.

Conclusion: The frequency of milk consumption is associated with the severity of

dental caries, oral hygiene, and salivary pH, but is not associated with buffering

capacity or salivary calcium levels in 5-year-old children in Jogorogo Subdistrict,

Ngawi Regency.

Kata Kunci : konsumsi susu, anak usia 5 tahun, karies gigi, saliva, kalsium