Perilaku Keluarga Risiko Stunting dalam Penurunan Stunting di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Umi Mu'af Winingsih, Prof. Dr. Ir. Siti Andarwati, S.Pt., M.P., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Disertasi | S3 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, terutama pada Keluarga Risiko Stunting (KRS), karena penurunannya tidak hanya ditentukan oleh layanan kesehatan, tetapi juga oleh kapasitas internal keluarga dalam menjalankan praktik gizi, penggunaan air bersih, dan sanitasi yang layak. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor internal yang meliputi tingkat pendidikan, sikap, motivasi, dan peran perempuan terhadap penurunan stunting pada KRS; menganalisis pengaruh faktor eksternal yang meliputi peran penyuluh KB, media sosial, dan Posyandu terhadap penurunan stunting pada KRS; menganalisis korelasi antara faktor internal dan faktor eksternal; menganalisis pengaruh simultan faktor internal dan faktor eksternal terhadap penurunan stunting; serta menyusun model strategi penurunan stunting pada KRS di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan teknik survei yang didukung wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Sleman, Kabupaten Bantul, dan Kota Yogyakarta dengan sampel sebanyak 200 KRS yang ditentukan melalui systematic random sampling. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan bantuan AMOS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor internal berpengaruh positif dan sangat signifikan terhadap penurunan stunting pada KRS dengan koefisien jalur sebesar 0,652, C.R. = 4,568, dan p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed>social learning yang menjembatani dukungan eksternal dengan penguatan kapasitas internal keluarga. Model ini menegaskan bahwa penurunan stunting pada KRS perlu dilakukan melalui sinergi faktor internal dan faktor eksternal dalam membentuk praktik Gizi–WASH keluarga, yaitu pemenuhan gizi harian, ketersediaan air bersih, dan sanitasi yang layak.

Stunting remains a public health problem in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, particularly among Stuntung-Risk Families (Keluarga Risiko Stunting/KRS). Its reduction is determined not only by health services but also by the families’ internal capacity to implement nutrition practices, use clean water, and maintain proper sanitation. This study aims to analyze the effecteffect of internal factors, including educational attainment, attitude, motivation, and women’s roles, on stunting reduction among KRS; to analyze the effecteffect of external factors, including the role of family planning extension workers, social media, and Posyandu, on stunting reduction among KRS; to examine the correlation between internal and external factors; to analyze the simultaneous effect of internal and external factors on stunting reduction; and to formulate a strategic model for stunting reduction among KRS in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

This study employed an explanatory quantitative approach using a survey method, supported by interviews, documentation, and literature study. The research was conducted in Sleman Regency, Bantul Regency, and Yogyakarta City, involving 200 KRS selected through systematic random sampling. The data were analyzed descriptively using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS help.

The findings indicate that internal factors had a positive and highly significant effect on stunting reduction among KRS, with a path coefficient of 0.652, C.R. = 4.568, and p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed>

Internal factors were most strongly reflected by women’s roles, motivation, and attitude, whereas external factors were most strongly reflected by Posyandu, family planning extension workers, and social media. The novelty of this study lies in the formulation of a KRS-based stunting reduction strategy model positioning the family, particularly mothers, as the main driver of behavioral change, and Posyandu as a social learning space bridging external support with the strengthening of families’ internal capacity. This model emphasizes that stunting reduction among KRS should be carried out through the synergy of internal and external factors in shaping family Nutrition–WASH practices, i.e. the fulfillment of daily nutritional needs, access to clean water, and proper sanitation.

Kata Kunci : Keluarga Risiko Stunting, faktor internal, faktor eksternal, peran perempuan, Posyandu, penyuluh KB, media sosial, Gizi–WASH, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.