Gambaran histologis spermatogenesis dan kualitas spermatozoa tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) dewasa akibat kebisingan
ARJADI, Fitranto, dr. E. Suryadi, SU
2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan BiomedisKebisingan termasuk salah satu bentuk stres di tempat kerja yang merugikan organ tubuh manusia sampai dengan penurunan fungsi reproduksi. Untuk mengetahui akibat kebisingan pada fungsi reproduksi pria, maka penting mengetahui gambaran histologis spermatogenesis dan kualitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji gambaran histologis spermatogenesis dan kualitas spermatozoa tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) dewasa akibat kebisingan. Duapuluh tujuh ekor tikus putih jantan dewasa galur Sprague Dawley dibagi tiga kelompok ; kelompok I, kontrol tanpa perlakuan ; kelompok II dipajan bising dalam waktu 8 jam/hari selama 12 hari, dan kelompok III dalam waktu 8 jam/hari selama 24 hari. Bising yang digunakan dengan intensitas 102 – 105 dB dan frekuensi all phase (63 Hz – 8 KHz). Setelah perlakuan, setiap kelompok didekapitasi guna pengambilan jaringan testis untuk melihat gambaran spermatogenesis dan cauda epididimis untuk melihat kualitas spermatozoa. Kelompok II dilakukan pada hari ke-12 sedangkan kelompok I dan III pada hari ke-24. Pengamatan dengan mikroskop cahaya terhadap gambaran histologis spermatogenesis dengan menghitung jumlah sel spermatogenik (spermatogonium, spermatosit, spermatid ) dan kualitas spermatozoa dengan menghitung jumlah kemampuan hidup, pergerakan dan bentuk spermatozoa Gambaran spermatogenesis akibat bising menunjukkan penurunan jumlah sel spermatogonium, spermatosit dan spermatid maupun jumlah total sel spermatogenik mulai pada pajanan bising 12 hari. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan jumlah sel spermatogonium yang turun pada kelompok perlakuan 12 hari (35,67±1,12) dan 24 hari (26,46± 0,52) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (42,61±0,34). Jumlah sel spermatosit yang turun pada kelompok perlakuan 12 hari (63,63±0,90) dan 24 hari (67,22±1,09) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (90,35±0,59). Jumlah sel spermatid yang turun pada kelompok perlakuan 12 hari (75,59±0,81) dan 24 hari (76,20±0,78) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (150,39±2,42). Jumlah total sel spermatogenik yang turun pada kelompok perlakuan 12 hari (174,89±1,42) dan 24 hari (169,89± 1,62) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (283,35±2,60). Uji statistik dengan analisis varian satu jalan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah rata-rata sel spermatogenik pada perlakuan kontrol, bising 12 hari dan 24 hari. Uji DRMT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada bising 12 hari dan 24 hari pada jumlah sel spermatogonium dan spermatosit. Jumlah sel spermatid dan jumlah total sel spermatogenik terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kontrol dan bising 12 hari tetapi tak ada perbedaan bermakna antara bising 12 hari dan 24 hari. Kualitas spermatozoa akibat bising menunjukkan penurunan jumlah spermatozoa yang bergerak, jumlah spermatozoa yang hidup dan jumlah bentuk spermatozoa yang normal mulai pada pajanan bising 12 hari. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan penurunan jumlah spermatozoa yang bergerak pada kelompok perlakuan 12 hari (11.41±0,33) dan 24 hari (7,00± 0,32) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (12,22±0,29). Penurunan jumlah spermatozoa hidup pada kelompok perlakuan 12 hari (12,37±0,34) dan 24 hari (8,26±0,34) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (13,28±0,29). Penurunan jumlah bentuk spermatozoa yang normal pada kelompok perlakuan 12 hari (12,98±0,48) dan 24 hari (9,00±0,45) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (14.19±0,37). Analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna setelah pajanan bising 12 hari dan 24 hari pada jumlah spermatozoa yang hidup dan bentuk spermatozoa yang normal, sedang pada jumlah spermatozoa yang bergerak terdapat perbedaan bermakna setelah pajanan bising 24 hari. Penelitian ini perlu dilanjutkan dengan meneliti keadaan ultrastruktur sel spermatogenik dan spermatozoa dengan menggunakan miskroskop elektron akibat bising dan reversibilitas sel spermatogenik dan kualitas spermatozoa setelah perlakuan bising dihentikan.
Noise is one of the stressors in workplace, may impair human body include decreasing reproduction system. To investigate the effect of noise on reproduction system, it is important to identify histological feature of spermatogenesis and spermatozoites quality. This research was aimed to study the effect of noise on histological feature of spermatogenesis and spermatozoites quality of adult male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-seven adult male Rattus norvegicus from Sprague-Dawley strain,were used in this research, classified into three groups. The first group was control group, the second was the group with noise treatment of 8 hours/day for 12 days, and the third was the group with noise treatment of 8 hours/day for 24 days. Noise with intensity of 102-105 dB and all phase frequencies (63Hz-8kHz) was given. After treatment, all rats in each group were decapitated, the testicular tissues were taken for analysis of spermatogenesis features, while cauda epididymis were also taken for analysis of spermatozoites quality. The second group were decapitated on day 12, while the first and third groups were decapitated on day 24. With light microscope, histological features of spermatogenesis were analysed by counting the spermatogenic cells (spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatide), and spermatozoites quality by counting the spermatozoites number of survivals, movement and shape. The result on spermatogenesis features showed that there were a decrease of the number of spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatide cells and of the total number of spermatogenic cells, starting on treatment day 12. It could be confirmed by the decrease of spermatogonium cells in 12-days-treatment group (35.67±1.12) and 24-days-treatment group (26.46±0.52), compared to control group (42.61±0.34). Spermatocytes were decreased in 12-days-treatment group (63.63±0.90) and 24-days-treatment group (67.22±1.09), compared to control group (90.35±0.59). Spermatide cells were decreased in 12-days-treatment group (75.59±0.81) and 24-days-treatment group (76.20±0.78), compared to control group (150.39±2.42). Total number of spermatogenic cells were decreased in 12-days-treatment group (174.89±1.42) and 24-days-treatment group (169.89±1.62), compared to control group (283.35±2.60). Statistical analysis with one-way analysis of variance (Anova) showed that there was a significant difference in average count of spermatogenic cells between control, 12-days-treatment and 24-days-treatment groups. Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) showed that there was a significant decrease in spermatocytes and spermatogonium cells in 12-days-treatment and 24-days-treatment groups. There was also a significant decrease in spermatide cells and total spermatogenic cells between control and 12-days-treatment groups, but there was insignificant decrease between 12-days-treatment and 24-days-treatment groups. Result on spermatozoites quality showed that there was a decrease in moving spermatozoites, survived spermatozoites and normal-shaped spermatozoites starting on treatment day 12. It could be confirmed by the decrease of the number of moving spermatozoites in 12-days-treatment (11.41±0.33) and 24-days-treatment groups (7.00±0.32), compared to control group (12.22±0.29). Survived spermatozoites were decreased in 12-days-treatment (12.37±0.34) and 24-days-treatment groups (8.26±0.34), compared to control group (13.28±0.29). Normal-shaped spermatozoites were decreased in 12-days-treatment (12.98±0.48) and 24-days-treatment groups (9.00±0.45), compared to control group (14.19±0.37). Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in the total number of survived spermatozoites and normal-shaped spermatozoites after noise treatment for 12 and 24 days, and there was a significant decrease in total number moving spermatozoites after noise treatment for 24 days. This study needs to be continued to analyse the effect of noise on ultrastructure conditions of spermatogenic cells and spermatozoites using electron microscopy, and the reversibility of spermatogenic cells and spermatozoites quality after noise treatment was discontinued.
Kata Kunci : Spermatogenesis,Kebisingan,Reproduksi,noise,spermatogenesis,spermatozoites quality, Rattus norvegicus
