PENENTUAN LD50 DAN EVALUASI DAMPAK HEMATOLOGIS SERTA HISTOPATOLOGIS VENOM Calloselasma rhodostoma (Kuhl, 1824) PADA HATI DAN GINJAL Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758

Riska Nur Aisiyah, Dr. Fajar Sofyantoro, S.Si., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Gigitan ular berbisa merupakan masalah kesehatan serius di wilayah tropis, termasuk Indonesia. Calloselasma rhodostoma memiliki venom dengan aktivitas hemotoksik dan proteolitik yang dapat menimbulkan perdarahan, disrupsi sel, dan kerusakan jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai lethal dose 50 (LD50) serta mengevaluasi toksisitas venom C. rhodostoma melalui jalur intraperitoneal pada mencit BALB/c jantan melalui analisis hematologi, uji biokimia serum, dan pengamatan histopatologi hati dan ginjal mencit. Parameter hematologi yang diamati meliputi leukosit (WBC), eritrosit (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematokrit (HCT), dan platelet (PLT). Pengamatan histopatologi meliputi luasan sinusoid, infiltrasi sel inflamasi, karyorhexis, dan hemoragi pada hati, serta luasan sinusoid, karyorhexis, hemoragi dan rasio capsular space glomerulus pada ginjal. Selain itu, dilakukan pengukuran enzim AST/GOT sebagai indikator kerusakan jaringan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk, one-way ANOVA, dan uji lanjutan Duncan dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% (p ? 0.05). Nilai LD50 C. rhodostoma melalui perhitungan probit analysis dengan convidence interval 95?alah 8,67 µg/g berat badan. Hasil analisis hematologi menunjukkan adanya variasi nilai WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, dan PLT antar kelompok perlakuan, namun tidak berbeda signifikan, sehingga paparan venom selama 6 jam belum menimbulkan gangguan hematologis yang nyata. Pada uji serum menunjukkan peningkatan kadar AST/GOT yang berbeda signifikan antar perlakuan, mengindikasikan adanya kerusakan seluler awal akibat paparan venom. Pada pengamatan histopatologi organ hati dan ginjal, setiap parameter menunjukkan fluktuasi nilai antar perlakuan, tetapi tidak berbeda signifikan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan paparan venom C. rhodostoma pada ketiga kelompok perlakuan selama 6 jam belum menyebabkan perubahan hematologis dan histopatologis yang signifikan, meskipun perubahan biokimia serum mengalami peningkatan AST/GOT menunjukkan adanya indikasi stres toksik awal.

Kata Kunci : Calloselasma rhodostoma, Hematologi, Histopatologi, LD50, Toksisitas.

Venomous snake bites are a serious health problem in tropical regions, including Indonesia. Calloselasma rhodostoma has venom with hemotoxic and proteolytic activity that can cause bleeding, cell disruption, and tissue damage. This study aimed to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD50) and evaluate the toxicity of C. rhodostoma venom via the intraperitoneal route in male BALB/c mice through hematological analysis, serum biochemistry tests, and histopathological observation on the liver and kidneys of mice. The LD50 value of C. rhodostoma, calculated using probit analysis with a 95% confidence interval, was 8.67 µg/g body weight. The hematological parameters observed included leukocytes (WBC), erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLT). Histopathological observations included sinusoid area, inflammatory cell infiltration, karyorhexis, and hemorrhage in the liver, as well as sinusoid area, karyorhexis, hemorrhage and glomerular capsular space ratio in the kidneys. In addition, AST/GOT enzyme measurements were conducted as an indicator of tissue damage. Data analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's post hoc test with a significance level of 5% (p ? 0.05). The LD50 value of C. rhodostoma, calculated using probit analysis with a 95% confidence interval, is 8.67 µg/g body weight. Hematological analysis results showed variations in WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, and PLT values between treatment groups, but these were not significantly different, indicating that 6 hours of venom exposure did not cause significant hematological disorders. Serum tests showed a significant increase in AST/GOT levels between treatments, indicating early cellular damage due to venom exposure. Histopathological observations of the liver and kidneys showed fluctuations in values between treatments, but no significant differences. Overall, this study shows that exposure to C. rhodostoma venom in the three treatment groups for 6 hours did not cause significant hematological and histopathological changes, although serum biochemical changes showed an increase in AST/GOT levels, indicating early toxic stress.

Keywords: Calloselasma rhodostoma, Hematology, Histopathology, LD50, Toxicity

Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci : Calloselasma rhodostoma, Hematologi, Histopatologi, LD50, Toksisitas.