Kualitas Komunikasi Sains dan Model Jurnalisme Sains Berita Narkoba di Media Daring Indonesia: Analisis Isi Kuantitatif Berita Kompas.com dan Detik.com

Siti Muflihah, Prof. Nyarwi Ahmad, Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Komunikasi

Komunikasi sains penting untuk menyebarkan informasi yang akurat dan bertanggungjawab mengenai isu narkoba, baik dari sisi ilmu pengetahuan, kesehatan hingga penentuan kebijakan. Namun, pengamatan awal menunjukkan bahwa berita sains narkoba di media daring Indonesia saat ini cenderung menyampaikan informasi satu arah dari pemerintah, institusi, pakar, dll. Padahal, komunikasi kesehatan yang efektif seharusnya bersifat dua arah dan melibatkan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur apakah kualitas pemberitaan di media daring sudah memenuhi standar komunikasi sains yang baik dan partisipatif. Penelitian ini menganalisis berita sains narkoba di Kompas.com dan Detik.com periode 2022-2024 untuk melihat hubungan antara model jurnalisme sains dengan indikator kualitas komunikasi sains, menggunakan analisis isi kuantitatif terhadap 104 berita. Coding dilakukan berdasarkan Model Jurnalisme Sains oleh Secko, dkk. (2013); Science Literacy, Contextual, Lay-Expertise, Public Participation dan Indikator Kualitas Komunikasi Sains  oleh Olesk, dkk. (2021); Trustworthiness & Rigour, Presentation & Style, Connection with Society. Reliabilitas diuji dengan Fleiss ?, sedangkan hubungan variabel dianalisis menggunakan Chi-Square dan Cramér’s V. Hasil menunjukkan model yang paling dominan adalah Science Literacy (57 berita), diikuti Hybrid (26), Contextual (19), dan Lay-Expertise (2), sementara Public Participation tidak ditemukan. Kualitas komunikasi sains didominasi kategori sedang (70), diikuti tinggi (25) dan rendah (9). Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara model jurnalisme dan kualitas komunikasi sains (?²(6)=17,2939; p=0,008) dengan kekuatan hubungan mendekati sedang (Cramér’s V=0,288). Model Contextual dan Hybrid lebih terkait dengan kualitas tinggi, sedangkan Science Literacy lebih sering muncul pada kualitas sedang. Temuan menunjukkan komunikasi sains pada berita narkoba masih didominasi pendekatan literasi informasi dengan partisipasi publik yang rendah. Media kuat dalam penyampaian fakta, tetapi lemah dalam membangun keterlibatan. Hasil ini menegaskan perlunya pengembangan komunikasi sains yang lebih partisipatif, kontekstual, dan berbasis bukti dalam jurnalisme digital.

Science communication is essential for disseminating accurate and responsible information regarding drug-related issues, spanning scientific, health, and policy dimensions. However, preliminary observations indicate that science reporting on drugs in Indonesian online media tends to rely on a top-down, one-way flow of information primarily from government sources, institutions, and experts. In contrast, effective health communication requires a two-way, participatory approach that engages the public. Consequently, this study aims to assess whether the quality of online news reporting meets the standards of effective and participatory science communication. This research analyzes drug-related science news in Kompas.com and Detik.com from 2022 to 2024 to examine the relationship between science journalism models and science communication quality indicators using a quantitative content analysis of 104 news articles. Coding was conducted based on the Science Journalism Models by Secko et al. (2013), specifically the Science Literacy, Contextual, Lay-Expertise, and Public Participation models and the Quality Indicators for Science Communication  by Olesk et al. (2021), comprising Trustworthiness & Rigour, Presentation & Style, and Connection with Society. Reliability was tested using Fleiss’ ?, while variable associations were analyzed using Chi-Square and Cramér’s V. The results show that the Science Literacy model is the most dominant (57 articles), followed by Hybrid (26), Contextual (19), and Lay-Expertise (2), whereas the Public Participation model was not identified. Science communication quality was predominantly categorized as moderate (70 articles), followed by high (25) and low (9). The Chi-Square test revealed a significant association between the science journalism model and the quality of science communication ($\chi^2(6) = 17.2939; p = 0.008$), with a moderate strength of association (Cramér’s V = 0.288). Contextual and Hybrid models were more closely associated with higher quality scores, while Science Literacy was more frequently linked to moderate quality. These findings demonstrate that drug-related science communication remains dominated by a one-way information literacy approach, with minimal public participation. While media outlets demonstrate strength in factual reporting, they remain deficient in fostering public engagement. These results underscore the need for the development of more participatory, contextual, and evidence-based science communication within digital journalism.

Kata Kunci : komunikasi sains, narkoba, jurnalisme sains, kualitas komunikasi, model jurnalisme sains, indikator kualitas, detik.com, kompas.com/science communication, drugs, science journalism, communication quality, science journalism models, quality indicators, Det