Perumusan Strategi Retrofitting Vitalitas Kawasan Kota Lama Padang Berbasis Heterogenitas Spasial

Dwi Luthfiya Yumna, Dr. Eng. Ir. Muhammad Sani Roychansyah, S.T., M.Eng.

2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER RANCANG KOTA

Kawasan Kota Lama Padang mengalami degradasi vitalitas yang ditandai dengan ketimpangan aktivitas antar blok, kerusakan bangunan bersejarah, dan dominasi fungsi pasif. Pendekatan revitalisasi konvensional sering kali menyeragamkan strategi tanpa mempertimbangkan variasi karakteristik lokal setiap blok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi retrofitting yang adaptif guna meningkatkan vitalitas kawasan berdasarkan karakteristik spasial yang spesifik. Metode yang digunakan mengacu pada pendekatan mixed methods dengan fokus pada analisis spasial kuantitatif. Pengukuran nilai vitalitas dilakukan menggunakan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dengan pembobotan Entropy Weighted Method (EWM) pada 41 blok amatan. Hasil dari nilai vitalitas akan dikombinasikan dengan jarak setiap blok dalam matriks Eisenhower membentuk zona pola persebaran. Selanjutnya akan diidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu vitalitas menggunakan Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) sebagai model eksploratif, setelah seleksi variabel melalui Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Identifikasi faktor dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi retrofitting yang tepat untuk setiap zona yang terbentuk.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya polarisasi vitalitas yang signifikan di Kawasan Kota Lama Padang. Analisis GWR membuktikan bahwa pengaruh faktor pembentuk vitalitas (kunjungan sosial, bangunan bersejarah, kunjungan budaya, dan event kebudayaan) bersifat heterogen atau bervariasi secara lokal di setiap blok. Berdasarkan sintesis nilai vitalitas dan faktor pengaruh dominan, teridentifikasi empat kuadran utama yang diturunkan menjadi sembilan tipologi kawasan, mulai dari Core Catalyst Zone hingga Peripheral Passive Zone. Strategi retrofitting dirumuskan ke dalam tiga konsep intervensi utama, yaitu Re-Connect (perbaikan konektivitas fisik), Re-Use (rehabilitasi fungsi bangunan dan pelestarian), dan Re-Activation (manajemen aktivitas dan ruang publik). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa intervensi peningkatan vitalitas di Kota Lama Padang tidak dapat dilakukan secara seragam, melainkan harus berbasis pada diagnosis tipologi spasial untuk menjamin keberlanjutan fungsi kawasan.

Padang Old Town Area is experiencing vitality degradation, characterized by unequal activity distribution among blocks, deterioration of historical buildings, and the dominance of passive functions. Conventional revitalization approaches often apply uniform strategies without considering the variations in the local characteristics of each block. This study aims to formulate an adaptive retrofitting strategy to improve the area's vitality based on its specific spatial characteristics. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a primary focus on quantitative spatial analysis. Vitality values were measured across 41 observation blocks using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) combined with the Entropy Weighted Method (EWM). These vitality values were then integrated with the distance of each block using an Eisenhower matrix to delineate spatial distribution pattern zones. Subsequently, the determinants of vitality were identified using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) as an exploratory model, following variable selection via Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). This factor identification was conducted to determine the most appropriate retrofitting strategy for each established zone.

The results indicate a significant polarization of vitality within the Padang Old Town Area. The GWR analysis demonstrates that the influence of vitality-forming factors (social visits, historical buildings, cultural visits, and cultural events) is heterogeneous, varying locally across different blocks. Based on the synthesis of vitality values and dominant influencing factors, four main quadrants were identified, which were further classified into nine spatial typologies, ranging from the Core Catalyst Zone to the Peripheral Passive Zone. The retrofitting strategies were formulated into three primary intervention concepts: Re-Connect (improvement of physical connectivity), Re-Use (rehabilitation of building functions and preservation), and Re-Activation (management of activities and public spaces). This study concludes that interventions to enhance vitality in the Padang Old Town cannot be uniformly applied; instead, they must be tailored based on spatial typology diagnoses to ensure the long-term sustainability of the area's functions.

Kata Kunci : Kota Lama Padang, Vitalitas Kawasan, Retrofitting, Geographically Weighted Regression, Tipologi Kawasan