Willingness to Pay for the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Among Parents of Adolescent Girls and Its Determinants in Low HPV Immunization Coverage Areas in the Sulawesi Region, Indonesia

Imania Afidatus Syaifabila, Prof. Dr. apt. Dwi Endarti,M.Sc.

2026 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) merupakan penyebab utama kanker serviks, yang hingga saat ini masih menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi pada perempuan di Indonesia. Meskipun vaksinasi HPV merupakan strategi pencegahan yang efektif, cakupan vaksinasi masih rendah di beberapa wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai willingness to pay (WTP) terhadap vaksin HPV serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerimaan vaksin HPV, kesediaan membayar, dan besaran WTP pada orang tua remaja perempuan di daerah dengan cakupan vaksinasi rendah.

Penelitian potong lintang (cross-sectional) dilakukan terhadap 458 orang tua atau wali dari remaja perempuan berusia 15–20 tahun di Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara, dan Gorontalo. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur yang menilai karakteristik sosiodemografi, pengetahuan, pengalaman terkait HPV dan kanker serviks, penerimaan vaksin, serta kesediaan membayar. Analisis deskriptif, bivariat (uji Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact), dan multivariat (regresi logistik dan regresi linear) dilakukan untuk menganalisis data.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan terhadap vaksin HPV tergolong tinggi (88,4%), meskipun 52,2% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang rendah mengenai HPV dan vaksinasi HPV. Kesediaan membayar pada skema pembayaran mandiri (out-of-pocket) tergolong rendah (22,3%), namun meningkat secara signifikan pada skema pembayaran bersama (co-payment) (89,5%). Rata-rata besaran WTP pada skenario out-of-pocket adalah Rp693.788,21 ± Rp688.659,55. Penerimaan vaksin HPV berhubungan secara signifikan dengan tingkat pendidikan (p = 0,014), pendapatan (p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>

Sebagai kesimpulan, meskipun penerimaan terhadap vaksin HPV tergolong tinggi, hambatan finansial masih menjadi kendala utama dalam peningkatan cakupan vaksinasi HPV. Kapasitas ekonomi dan faktor pengalaman tampaknya memiliki peran yang lebih besar dibandingkan pengetahuan semata, sehingga diperlukan strategi dukungan pembiayaan dan edukasi kesehatan yang lebih terarah untuk meningkatkan cakupan vaksinasi HPV.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer, which remains a leading cause of mortality among women in Indonesia. Although HPV vaccination is an effective preventive strategy, vaccination coverage remains low in several regions. This study aimed to assess willingness to pay (WTP) for the HPV vaccine and identify factors associated with HPV vaccine acceptance, willingness to pay, and WTP amount among parents of adolescent girls in low-coverage areas.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 458 parents or guardians of girls aged 15–20 years in South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and Gorontalo. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, experiences related to HPV and cervical cancer, vaccine acceptance, and willingness to pay. Descriptive, bivariate (Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact), and multivariate analyses (logistic and linear regression) were performed.

The results showed high HPV vaccine acceptance (88.4%), although 52.2% of respondents had low knowledge levels regarding HPV and HPV vaccination. Willingness to pay under the out-of-pocket scheme was low (22.3%) but increased substantially under the co-payment scheme (89.5%). The mean WTP amount was IDR 693,788.21 ± 688,659.55 under the out-of-pocket scenario. HPV vaccine acceptance was significantly associated with education (p = 0.014), income (p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>

In conclusion, despite high HPV vaccine acceptance, financial barriers remain a major obstacle to HPV vaccine uptake. Economic capacity and experiential factors appeared to play a more important role than knowledge alone, highlighting the need for financial support strategies and targeted health education to improve HPV vaccination coverage.

Kata Kunci : willingness to pay, human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, vaccine, adolescent girls