Penyuluhan ASI Eksklusif terhadap perilaku ibu menyusui di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Basung Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat
MEUTIA, Sri Werdati, SKM.,M.Kes
2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang. Cakupan ASI Eksklusif berdasarkan data resmi di Indonesia berkisar 30 - 60%. Cakupan ASI Eksklusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Basung sebesar 56,25%. Tetapi berdasarkan penelitian, cakupan ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia hanya berkisar di bawah 10%. Rendahnya pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi 0-4 bulan dapat memperberat penyakit-penyakit seperti ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut) dan Diare. Sampai saat ini kasus-kasus tersebut pada kelompok bayi dan balita masih merupakan penyakit utama di Lubuk Basung. Angka kesakitan dan kematian karena ISPA dan Diare pada balita dapat dicegah dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Peningkatan cakupan pemberian ASI Eksklusif dapat dilakukan melalui penyuluhan ASI Eksklusif kepada ibu menyusui. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui perilaku ibu menyusui setelah mendapatkan penyuluhan ASI Eksklusif. Metode Penelitian. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan Quasi experimental design dengan bentuk Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Analisis penelitian digunakan uji T-test untuk melihat perubahan perilaku sebelum dan setelah dilakukan intervensi (kelompok eksperimen) & tanpa intervensi (kelompok kontrol). Dilanjutkan dengan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment dan Regresi Linier untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktek ibu menyusui setelah intervensi. Selain itu dilakukan FGD kepada tenaga kesehatan yang melakukan penyuluhan kepada responden. Populasi dan sampel penelitian adalah semua ibu menyusui yang mempunyai bayi 0-3 bulan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara Non Probability Sampling dengan teknik sampling kuota sebanyak 31 orang kelompok kontrol dan 30 orang kelompok eksperimen dengan kriteria inklusi. Hasil Penelitian. Hasil analisis berdasarkan uji T-tes menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) nilai rata-rata pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktek responden pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment dan Regresi Linier menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara pengetahuan dan sikap responden setelah dilakukan penyuluhan, dan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap praktek responden setelah dilakukan penyuluhan. Kesimpulan. Penyuluhan ASI Eksklusif mempunyai pengaruh terhadap perilaku ibu menyusui.
Background: Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia according to official data is about 30% - 60%. Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of Lubuk Basung Community Health Center is 56,25%. But according to a study, coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is less than 10%. Low exclusive breastfeeding of infants aging 0 – 4 months can worsen diseases such as acute respiratory tract infection and diarrhea. Until this time, these cases are major diseases of infants and children under five at Lubuk Basung. High rate of illness and deaths of children under five caused by acute respiratory tract infection and diarrhea can be prevented through exclusive breastfeeding supply. Increased coverage of exclusive breastfeeding supply can be attained through information giving on exclusive breastfeeding to breastfeeding mothers. Objectives: To know the behavior of breastfeeding mothers after they are given information on exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: This was a quantitative research which used quasi experimental design with non equavalent control group approach. Research analysis used t-test to know the change of behavior prior and after intervention to experiment group and without intervention to control group. Correlation tests of Pearson Product Moment and Linear Regression were also used to explain the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding mothers after intervention. In addition, focused group discussion was also implemented to health professionals who gave information to respondents. Population and samples of the study were all breastfeeding mothers who had babies of 0 – 3 months old. Samples were taken using non probability sampling with quota sampling technique as many as 31 persons for control group and 30 persons for experiment group with inclusion criteria. Result: Result of analysis according to t-test showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) of average value of knowledge, attitude and practice of respondents from control and experiment group. Pearson Product Moment and Linear Regression correlation tests showed that there was significant relationship (p<0.05) between knowledge and attitude of respondents after information giving, and there was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitude to practice of respondents after information giving. Conclusion: Information giving on exclusive breastfeeding influenced the behavior of breastfeeding mothers.
Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat,Ibu Menyusui,Penyuluhan ASI Eksklusif
