Knowledge, Attitude, Experience, and Willingness to Pay of Parents and Caregivers toward Varicella Vaccine in Indonesia

Syifa Mediati Firdausya, apt. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, M.P.H., Ph.D.; Prof. Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes.

2026 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Meskipun dapat dicegah melalui vaksinasi, cacar air (varisela) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang signifikan di Indonesia dan sering menimbulkan komplikasi yang membebani sumber daya layanan kesehatan serta anggaran rumah tangga. Saat ini, vaksin varisela bersifat opsional dan belum termasuk dalam Program Imunisasi Nasional (PIN). Berdasarkan pedoman dari Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) dan Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI), penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengetahuan, sikap, pengalaman, serta kesediaan membayar (Willingness to Pay/WTP) keluarga di Indonesia terhadap vaksin varisela. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat mengidentifikasi hambatan dalam penerimaan vaksin dan menyediakan data untuk meningkatkan cakupan vaksinasi serta pengelolaan kesehatan masyarakat.

Penelitian cross sectional ini menggunakan kuesioner daring yang diisi secara mandiri oleh 405 orang tua dan wali asuh yang memiliki anak berusia 1–12 tahun di Indonesia. Kuesioner mencakup karakteristik sosiodemografi, pengalaman terkait penyakit dan vaksinasi varisela, tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, serta kesediaan membayar untuk vaksin varisela monovalen. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis bivariat, dan regresi logistik multivariat untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antarvariabel.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 52,10% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan sedang dan 50,12?rsikap positif. Kesediaan membayar pada skenario pembayaran mandiri (Out-Of-Pocket/OOP) tergolong rendah dan menurun seiring peningkatan harga (34,1%–23,2%). Pada skenario co-payment, WTP tertinggi ditemukan ketika proporsi pembiayaan pemerintah lebih besar (80,0%–26,7%). Tingkat pendidikan dan pengalaman vaksinasi varisela sebelumnya berhubungan signifikan dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dan WTP pada skenario OOP. Pengetahuan juga berhubungan dengan pendapatan keluarga, pengeluaran bulanan, dan pengalaman menerima vaksin non-PIN lainnya. Faktor lain yang memengaruhi WTP meliputi pekerjaan, kepemilikan asuransi, dan hubungan wali asuh dengan anak, sedangkan WTP pada skenario co-payment hanya dipengaruhi oleh pekerjaan. Pengetahuan dan sikap menunjukkan korelasi positif sedang (r = 0,304; p < 0>

Despite being preventable through vaccination, chickenpox (varicella) remains a significant burden in Indonesia, often leading to complications that strain healthcare resources and household budgets. Currently, the varicella vaccine is optional and excluded from Indonesia’s National Immunization Program (NIP). Following CDC and Indonesian Pediatrician Association guidelines, this study evaluates the knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and willingness to pay (WTP) among Indonesian families. The goal is to identify barriers to uptake and provide data to enhance vaccine coverage and public health management.

This cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered online questionnaire to survey 405 parents and caregivers of children aged 1-12 in Indonesia. The survey assessed sociodemographic, experience of varicella disease and vaccination, knowledge, attitude, and willingness to pay for monovalent vaccine. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression to determine the relationship among variables.

The results indicate that respondents demonstrate moderate knowledge (52.10%, median = 5.00) and positive attitudes (50.12%, median = 40.00). Willingness to pay was low in the out-of-pocket scenario (OOP) and decreased as price increased (34.1% to 23.2%). In the co-payment scenario, WTP was highest when government coverage was greater (80.0% to 26.7%). Statistical analysis revealed that education level and previous varicella vaccination experience were significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and WTP in OOP scenarios. Knowledge was also linked to family income, monthly expenses, and experience with other non-NIP vaccines. Additional factors influencing WTP included occupation, insurance ownership, and caregiver relationship to the child, while co-payment WTP was influenced only by occupation. Knowledge and attitude showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.304, p < 0>

Kata Kunci : Knowledge, Attitude, Experience, WTP, Varicella