Analisis Kerentanan dan Strategi Adaptasi Rumah Tangga Nelayan Terhadap Perubahan Iklim di Pantai Depok Kabupaten Bantul

Andre Jonathan, Dr. Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron, S.Si., MT., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | GEOGRAFI DAN ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Perubahan iklim mengakibatkan perubahan suhu, curah hujan, dan pola cuaca, perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia laut, serta peningkatan frekuensi dan intensitas kejadian cuaca ekstrem, seperti gelombang pasang, dan badai tropis yang mengancam keberlangsungan sektor perikanan. Nelayan skala kecil di Pantai Depok berpotensi terancam penghidupannya akibat dampak perubahan iklim karena ketergantungannya pada hasil tangkapan sebagai sumber pendapatan utama serta rendahnya kapasitas merespons dampak perubahan iklim akibat keterbatasan modal, pengetahuan, maupun teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kerentanan penghidupan rumah tangga nelayan Pantai Depok terhadap perubahan iklim serta menganalisis strategi adaptasi dan faktor penerapannya dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) dan LVI-IPCC yang mengukur kerentanan dengan data keterpaparan iklim dan adaptasi di tingkat rumah tangga untuk menilai tingkat kerentanan dan kapasitas adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim. Pengukuran LVI terdiri atas tujuh komponen utama yang dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kategori berdasarkan kerangka kerja IPCC, meliputi keterpaparan (bencana dan variabilitas iklim), sensitivitas (akses kesehatan, pangan, dan air), serta kapasitas adaptasi (sosial demografi, strategi penghidupan, dan jejaring sosial). Strategi adaptasi yang diterapkan oleh nelayan dianalisis dengan statistika frekuensi dan regresi logistik biner untuk menentukan variabel yang mempengaruhi penerapannya, meliputi variabel modal sumber daya manusia, modal sosial, modal ekonomi, dan faktor persepsi.

Tingkat kerentanan penghidupan rumah tangga nelayan Pantai Depok terhadap perubahan iklim berdasarkan pendekatan LVI bernilai 0,4086 (kerentanan sedang), sementara kerentanan LVI-IPCC bernilai -0,023 (kerentanan sedang). Berdasarkan pendekatan LVI-IPCC, komponen kapasitas adaptasi nelayan Pantai Depok cukup mengimbangi pengaruh sensitivitas dan keterpaparan nelayan karena kontribusi faktor sosial demografi yang seimbang dan jejaring sosial yang kuat. Strategi adaptasi yang paling umum diterapkan oleh nelayan Pantai Depok adalah peningkatan kerja sama antarnelayan, pinjaman modal, dan diversifikasi pola pendapatan, sementara strategi intensifikasi kegiatan perikanan dan perpindahan waktu tangkap jarang diterapkan. Faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi penerapan strategi adaptasi meliputi lama profesi, anggota keluarga yang bekerja, kepemilikan aset, serta tingkat kepercayaan dengan komunitas.

Climate change results in changes in temperature, rainfall, and weather patterns, changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean, and an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as tidal waves and storms, which threaten the sustainability of the fisheries sector. Small-scale fishers in Depok Beach face potential livelihood threats from the impacts of climate change due to their dependence on catch yields as their primary source of income and their limited capacity to respond to the impacts of climate change due to limited capital, knowledge, and technology. This study aims to measure the vulnerability of household livelihoods of fishermen in Depok Beach to climate change and analyze the adaptation strategies and their factors of implementation in responding to climate change.

This study used the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC approaches, which measured level of vulnerability using climate exposure and adaptation data at the household level to assess vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change. The LVI measurement consists of seven main components grouped into three categories based on the IPCC framework: exposure (disasters and climate variability), sensitivity (access to health, food, and water), and adaptive capacity (socio-demographics, livelihood strategies, and social networks). Adaptation strategies implemented by fishermen were analyzed using frequency statistics and binary logistic regression to determine variables influencing their implementation, including human capital, social capital, economic capital, and perception factors.

The vulnerability level of Depok Beach fishermen's household livelihoods to climate change, based on the LVI approach, was 0.4086 (moderate vulnerability), while the LVI-IPCC vulnerability was -0.023 (moderate vulnerability). Based on the LVI-IPCC approach, the adaptive capacity component of Depok Beach fishermen adequately offsets the effects of sensitivity and exposure due to the balanced contribution of sociodemographic factors and strong social networks. The most common adaptation strategy implemented by Depok Beach fishermen was increased cooperation among fishermen, borrowing money, and diversification of income sources, while intensification of fishing activities and shifting fishing times were less frequently implemented. Significant factors influencing the implementation of adaptation strategies included experience, number of working family members, asset ownership, and level of trust within the community.

Kata Kunci : Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), Perubahan Iklim, Nelayan, Pantai Depok, Strategi Adaptasi