Analisis Kekeringan Meteorologis di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur: Historis dan Proyeksi Masa Depan
Yosef Freinademetz B. Warat, Ir. Karlina, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D., IPM.; Prof. Ir. Joko Sujono, M.Eng., Ph.D., IPU.
2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil
Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) merupakan wilayah semi-arid yang sangat rentan terhadap kekeringan akibat variabilitas curah hujan serta pengaruh fenomena iklim seperti El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dan Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Kekeringan di wilayah ini dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak, seperti kerawanan pangan, gagal panen, dan peningkatan risiko malnutrisi. Kajian mengenai kesesuaian indeks kekeringan meteorologis terhadap laporan kejadian kekeringan, karakteristik kekeringan historis, serta proyeksi kondisi kekeringan di masa depan masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan indeks kekeringan meteorologis yang paling representatif secara spasial dan temporal berdasarkan kesesuaiannya dengan laporan kejadian kekeringan, menganalisis karakteristik kekeringan historis, serta memproyeksikan kondisi kekeringan di masa depan di wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) is a semi-arid region that is highly vulnerable to drought due to rainfall variability and the influence of climate phenomena such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Drought in this region can cause various impacts, including food insecurity, crop failure, and an increased risk of malnutrition. Studies on the suitability of meteorological drought indices with reported drought events, as well as on historical drought characteristics and future drought projections, are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the most representative meteorological drought index in terms of spatial and temporal agreement with reported drought events, to analyze historical drought characteristics, and to project future drought conditions in Nusa Tenggara Timur.
This study uses spatial and temporal analysis with observed monthly rainfall data from 19 stations (2010–2023) and GCM rainfall data under the high-emission scenario SSP5–8.5 for the period 2010–2100, which were bias-corrected using the Empirical Quantile Mapping (EQM) method. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Effective Drought Index (EDI) were compared to determine the most representative index based on their agreement with drought reports from BNPB in 2018 and 2019. Historical drought characteristics were analyzed based on the selected index and time scale using frequency, duration, severity, and intensity. Future drought characteristics were then analyzed for the periods 2026–2050, 2051–2075, and 2076–2100.
The results show that the 6-month SPI is the most representative index in describing the spatial distribution of drought events in Nusa Tenggara Timur based on its agreement with BNPB reports. Historical analysis shows differences between Pulau Flores and Pulau Timor. Pulau Flores has more frequent drought events, but lower duration, severity, and intensity compared to Pulau Timor. In contrast, Pulau Timor has fewer drought events, but they last longer and have higher severity and intensity. Future projections based on CMIP6 under the SSP5–8.5 scenario show that in Pulau Flores, drought frequency tends to decrease, while duration, severity, and intensity increase toward the end of the century. Meanwhile, in Pulau Timor, drought characteristics are more fluctuating, with decreases in frequency and intensity in the middle period and increases again toward the end of the century.
Kata Kunci : Kekeringan, SPI, EDI, EQM, Nusa Tenggara Timur.