Pengaruh Edukasi Terstruktur Berbasis Booklet terhadap Kepatuhan, Kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu, dan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kota Tasikmalaya

LISTYA PERMATASARI, Prof. Dr. apt. Tri Murti Andayani, Sp. FRS; Dr. apt. Fita Rahmawati, Sp. FRS.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Farmasi Klinik

Edukasi yang diberikan di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama umumnya masih bersifat konvensional, belum terstandarisasi, dan belum didukung mekanisme penguatan (reinforcement) yang berkelanjutan sehingga efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan dan outcome klinis masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengembangkan suatu model edukasi terstruktur berbasis booklet, yaitu model edukasi yang mengintegrasikan need assessment, penyusunan booklet sesuai kebutuhan pasien, validasi isi oleh pakar, edukasi langsung oleh Apoteker, serta penguatan melalui pendampingan kader kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh model edukasi terstruktur berbasis booklet terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan, kadar glukosa darah sewaktu, dan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kota Tasikmalaya.

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experimental dengan pretest-posttest control group design yang melibatkan 72 pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2, terdiri atas kelompok intervensi (n=36) dan kelompok kontrol (n=36). Outcome penelitian meliputi kepatuhan pengobatan yang diukur menggunakan kuesioner Morisky Green Levine  Scale (MGLS), kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu dan kualitas hidup menggunakan Diabetes Quality of Life-Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI). Analisis data dilakukan berdasarkan perubahan delta antara pretest dan posttets. Analisis statistik meliputi Uji Wilcoxon, Independent Sample t-test/Mann Whitney, serta Analisis of Covariance (ANCOVA) untuk mengendalikan variabel perancu, dengan tingkat kemaknaan  p<0>

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis perubahan delta dengan uji Mann Whitney, model edukasi terstruktur berbasis booklet memberikan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu (p=0,005) pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Sementara itu, perubahan kepatuhan pengobatan (p=0,500) dan kualitas hidup (p=0,167) pada kelompok intervensi belum menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol berdasarkan analisis delta.

Berdasarkan analisis perubahan, model edukasi terstruktur berbasis booklet efektif dalam memperbaiki glukosa darah sewaktu pad pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Model ini mengintegrasikan need assessment, booklet yang tervalidasi, edukasi terstruktur oleh Apoteker, serta penguatan melalui pendampingan kader kesehatan sehingga berpotensi menjadi model edukasi yang dapat diimplementasikan di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama untuk mendukung pengelolaan diabetes melitus tipe 2 secara berkelanjutan.

Education provided at primary healthcare facilities is generally still conventional, less standardized, and has not been supported by continuous reinforcement, resulting in suboptimal effectiveness in improving patient outcomes. Therefore, this study develops a Structured Booklet-Based Educational Model, an educational approach that integrates need assessment, the development of a patient centered booklet, expert content validation, structured pharmacist-led education, and reinforcement through community health worker (cadre) assisstance. The novelty of this study lies in the development of the Structured Booklet-Based Education Model on medication adherence, random blood glucose levels, and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at primary healthcare centers in Tasikmalaya City.

This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design involving 72 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, consisting of an intervention group (n=36) and a control group (n=36). Medication adherence was assessed using the Morisky Green Levine Scale (MGLS), quality of life was measured using the Diabetes Quality of Life - Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI), and the clinical outcome was evaluated using Random Blood Glucose (RBG) levels. Data analysis was based on the change between pretest and posttest measurements. Statistical analyses included the Wilcoxon test, Independent sample t-test / Mann-Whitney u-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to control for potential confounding variables, with a significance level of p<0>

The results demonstrated that, based on the change analysis using the Mann-Whitney u test, the structured booklet-based education model produced a significantly greater reduction in random blood glucose levels among patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with the control group (p=0,005). However, the changes in medication adherence (p=0,500) and quality of life (p=0,167) did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups based on the delta analysis.

Based on the change analysis, the Structured Boojlet-Based Education Model was effective in improving random blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The model integrates need assessment, the development of a validated educational booklet, structured pharmacist-led education, and reinforcement through community health worker (cadre) assistance, making it a promising educational model for implementation in primary healthcare settings to support sustainable diabetes management.

Kata Kunci : Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2, Edukasi terstruktur, Booklet, Kepatuhan, Kualitas Hidup