Intra-Religious persecution in West Java :: Case study of Ahmadiyah Community in Manis Lor Kuningan
AMIN, Ali, Dr. Irwan Abdullah
2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Perbandingan AgamaAksi klaim penyesatan terhadap aliran-aliran keagamaan minoritas yang disertasi tindak kekerasan kerap kali terjadi. Acap kali persekusi semacam itu “dilegalkan†oleh penguasa dengan alas an stabilitas social dan keamanan masyarakat. Dengan alas an penyimpangan dari ajaran aliran pokok mainstream, kelompok-kelompok alternative tersebut disingkirkan dari masyarakat. Melalui observasi lebih dari setahun 2003-2004, dan deph interview dengan representative sampling dari kedua belah pihak yang bertikai, studi ini mencoba menyoroti phenomena yang terjadi dikalangan umat Islam di Indonesia, khususnya apa yang ditanggung oleh komunitas ahmadiyah di Manis Lor Kuningan Jawa Barat. Apa yang terjadi di daerah tersebut, dan mengapa terjadi persekusi menjadi bagian besar dari pembahasan studi ini. Penting juga dibahas dalam thesis ini bagaimana sebuah komunitas keagamaan “pendatang†bisa menarik sebagian masyarakat Manis Lor dan upaya mereka bertahan dari upaya-upaya marginalisasi kelompok umat mainstream yang cukup estabilished secara politik. Temuan penting ari studi ini adalah persekusi sangat terkait dengan teknologi agama yang exclusive, ethos social dan ekonomi kelompok terpersekusi yang lebih menonjol dari kelompok mainstream, dan yang utama adalah motivasi politis dalam rangka mempertahankan kekuasaan elit-elit agama tertentu di masyarakat telah menciptakan stigmatisasi negative di masyarakat.
This thesis describes the phenomena of Intra-religious persecution in a village on West Java namely: Manis Lor Kuningan. It contains description and analysis what the meaning of persecution, the phenomena, the reasons why it happens, and the affects of social integrity among the members of persecuted groups, and the most important one, the analysis State-society relation in subordinating one minority group. The focus of this study is concerning Ahmadiyah minority (Qadiyani) group in their dwelled area Manis Lor. Manis Lor is a village in West Java dwelled by approximately five thousand residents. They cling to two religious affiliations: Ahlussunnah wal jama’ah (sunni) and Ahmadiyah. In this village Ahmadiyah followers dwell most area of the west block and some parts of its east block.. Even though all people are Muslim, there often occurs conflict between the two groups. The majority Muslim in Kuningan rooted in Sunni tradition accuse Amadiyah illicit group of Islam. They are not recognized as Islam as they split many fundamental teaching from the mainstream Muslim like the doctrine of prophecy, Isa almasih and Imam Mahdi. Even though Ahmadiyah is the majority population in this village they are subordinated by non-Ahmadiyah society in Manis lor and all Muslim in entire Kuningan. Some mosques and Ahmadis’ houses were burnt. Religious activities were monitored. In additions some religious programs are prohibited. The peak of this majority-minority conflict appeared in Sept-Dec. 2002 when the government of Kuningan and social religious organizations come to an agreement that Ahmadiyah is a threat for Islam all over Kuningan, therefore they are prohibited to exist in Kuningan. Conducting some steps of qualitative research; literature study, survey – observation and in-depth interviews, this study finds important phenomena of state hegemony over the society using the instrument of religion. Through regulation, education and media, religion has become another tool of government to strengthen its position over the society. The hegemony is condition, where the subordinated class is not conscious about it oppressed condition, furthermore they support this condition. It is possible because of relation between state and society in influencing each other. The state needs support from the majority groups in order to guarantee the success of their program while a group needs to strengthen its existence by securing their fundamental identity. The study also finds the tradition of violence by the government is inherited by the society. This study also strengthens other previous researches that splinter group is very political term it does not work in theological terms. In term of written result this thesis uses a descriptive analysis, interpretative analysis, and critical analysis. Descriptive analysis is a step of collecting data and describing it systematically. The second, data are interpretated to gain integrated understanding. The third, data are analyzed through other literature or facts with which we gain a whole understanding textually and contextually.
Kata Kunci : Umat Islam, Komunitas Ahmadiyah, Persekusi, Ahmadiyah, Conflict, Human Right.
