Model Kultur Jaringan dalam Mempelajari Toksisitas Curcumin pada Kultur Fibroblas

Nany Budiman, Prof.dr. Sri Kadarsih S, Msc, PhD.; Dr.dr. Indwiani Astuti

1998 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Akhir-akhir ini, penggunaan obat-obat tradisional mulai semakin berkembang dan mendapat perhatian khusus, seiring semakin berkembangnya pandangan "back to nature". Curcumin, kandungan aktif dari marga Curcuma merupakan salah satu obat tradisional yang paling banyak digunakan karena mempunyai aktivitas biologis dengan spektrum luas. Akan tetapi, masih sedikit diketahui mengenai toksisitas curcumin. Dalam penelitian ini, toksisitas curcumin diamati dengan uji in vitro mengingat beberapa keuntungannya, yaitu lebih cepat dan reproducible (dapat diulang). Untuk maksud ini, dipilih cell line Vero yang merupakan fibroblas diambil dari ginjal kera Afrika hijau dewasa (Cercopithecues aethiops). Sebanyak 9 sampel digunakan pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok penelitian dimana pada kelompok penelitian masing-masing diberi 0,0875 mg/ml, 0,175 mg/ml, 0,35 mg/ml, 0,7 mg/ml dan 1,4 mg/ml suspensi curcumin. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah inkubasi selama 72 jam. Evaluasi dilakukan secara hasil penelitian kualitatif yaitu dengan foto dan kuantitatif dengan menghitung jumlah sel menggunakan hemositometer. Perbedaan rerata jumlah sel yang hidup dibandingkan dengan uji statistik student t-test. Selain itu, dicari nilai cytopathic effect (CPE50). Rerata jumlah sel Vero yang hidup pada pemberian 0,0875 mg/ml suspensi curcumin tidak memberikan perbedaan secara bermakna terhadap kontrol (p>0,05) sedangkan rerata jumlah sel pada kadar suspensi curcumin 0,175 mg/ml, 0,35 mg/ml, 0,7 mg/ml dan 1,4 mg/ml memberikan perbedaan secara bermakna terhadap kontrol (p<0,05). Rerata jumlah sel pada kadar suspensi curcumin 0,175 mg/ml berbeda secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kadar 0,0875 mg/ml. Pemberian suspensi curcumin sebanyak 0,35 mg/ml tidak berbeda secara bermakna dengan kadar 0,175 mg/ml, begitu pula 0,7 mg/ml dengan 0,35 mg/ml dan 1,4 mg/ml dengan 0,7 mg/ml. Dari perhitungan rumus Reed & Muench, didapatkan bahwa kadar suspensi curcumin yang menyebabkan kematian sel sebesar 50% adalah 0,8077 mg/ml. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa suspensi curcumin dengan kadar 0,175 mg/ml mulai memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan sel Vero dimana terdapat perbedaan rerata jumlah sel yang hidup secara bermakna baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol maupun kadar kematian sel Vero 0,0875 mg/ml. Nilai cytopathic effect (CPE50) yaitu kadar suspensi curcumin menyebabkan yang sebanyak 50% adalah 0,8077 mg/ml.

Recently, the use of traditional medicines started to develop and receive special attention, at the same time as the blooming of the "back to nature" view. Curcumin, the active ingredient of genus Curcuma, is one of the best traditional medicines used because of its broad-spectrum biological activities. But still little is known about the toxicity of the compound. Considering its benefits that is fast obeserved and reproducible, in vitro test system is used. Vero cell line, fibroblast initiated from kidney of normal, adult, African Green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), were chosen for this purpose. As many as 9 samples are used by the control group and research group. 0.0875 mg/ml, 0.175 mg/ml, 0.35 mg/ml, 0.7 mg/ml and 1.4 mg/ml curcumin suspension is given in each of research group. Observation is conducted after 72 hours incubation. Evaluation of the result is carried out qualitatively that is with photos and quantitatively by counting the number of cells using hemositometer. The mean of living cells difference in each group is shown by using statistical method, student t-test. Apart from that, cytopathic effect value (CPEso) is found out. The mean of living cells after 0.0875 mg/ml curcumin suspension was added doesn't differ significantly from control (p>0.05) while the mean of living cells after 0.175 mg/ml, 0.35 mg/ml, 0.7 mg/ml and 1.4 mg/ml was added shows significant difference from control (p<0.05). The mean of living cells after adding 0.175 mg/ml curcumin suspension differs significantly compared with a concentration of 0.0875 mg/ml. Adding 0.35 mg/ml curcumin suspension doesn't differ significantly from a concentration of 0.175 mg/ml, this also holds true for 0.7 mg/ml with 0.35 mg/ml and 1.4 mg/ml with 0.7 mg/ml. From the working of Reed & Muench formula, it's obtained that the consentration of curcumin suspension that causes the death of as much as 50% of cells is 0.8077 mg/ml. In conclusion, it's shown that 0.175 mg/ml starts to have effect on cells growth which a significant difference in the mean of living cells can be seen both compared with control and a concentration of 0.0875 mg/ml. Cytopathic effect value (CP Eso), the concentration of curcumin suspension which causes as much as 50% of Vero cells death, is 0.8077 mg/ml.

Kata Kunci : obat tradisional, Curcumin