Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketertarikan untuk menggunakan Internet Banking

NOVIE, Lendra, Dr. Didi Achjari, M.Com

2005 | Tesis | S2 Akuntansi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh (1) attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy, government support dan technology support terhadap intention dalam penggunaan internet banking, (2) subjective norms, self-efficacy, government support dan technology support terhadap attitude dalam penggunaan internet banking. Pengembangan model penelitian ini didasarkan pada Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah nasabah bank milik pemerintah maupun swasta. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dan untuk melihat kesahihan dan keandalan instrumen penelitian dilakukan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Alat analisis yang digunakan untuk pengujian hipotesis adalah Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) yang dikembangkan oleh Arbuckle (1999). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel (1) Attitude, government support dan technology support tidak berpengaruh terhadap intention, sedangkan variabel subjective norms dan self-efficacy berpengaruh signifikan terhadap intention. Perbedaan hasil ini disebabkan karena internet banking masih merupakan hal yang baru dikembangkan oleh bank sehingga keinginan pengguna jasa lembaga keuangan masih rendah. Sedangkan penyebab tidak berpengaruhnya government support dan technology support terhadap intention adalah tidak yakinnya masyarakat terhadap pemerintah dalam mengatasi masalah electronic commerce dan internet security dan masih minimnya sumber daya manusia dalam rangka alih teknologi, infrastruktur yang belum memadai karena lambatnya akses internet, serta masih mahalnya akses internet keluar dan suatu negara. (2) Subjective norms, government support dan technology support tidak berpengaruh terhadap attitude dalam penggunaan internet banking. Hal ini disebabkan karena internet banking merupakan hal baru dan fasilitasnya masih kurang memadai sehingga masih sedikit orang yang menggunakannya, sehinggga menyebabkan seseorang tidak terdorong untuk menggunakan internet banking karena kurangnya dorongan dan lingkungan dalam menggunakan inovasi baru tersebut. Penyebab tidak berpengaruhnya government support dan technology support terhadap attitude adalah sikap pemerintah mengenai kebijakan-kebijakan yang terkait dengan keamanan dan masalah electronic commerce belum optimal. Hal lain yang masih menjadi kendala dalam penerapan internet banking adalah belum terbukanya proses penegakan hukum dan belum jelasnya undang-undang yang mengatur transaksi elektronik antara pihak bank dan nasabah. Sedangkan technology support, mungkin dikarenakan adanya perbedaan persepsi mengenai kualitas infrastruktur internet di satu negara dengan negara lain sehingga hal ini dapat mempengaruhi sikap individu terhadap penggunaan internet banking. (3) Self-efficacy berpengaruh signifikan terhadap attitude.

This research was to analyze the influence of (1) attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy, government support and technology support on intention of using internet banking, (2) subjective norms, self-efficacy, government support and technology support on attitude in using internet banking. The development of this research model was predicated on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The sample of this research was the government or private-owned bank's customer. The technique of data collecting was using survey method, while the data validity and reliability of instrument of this research were done with the validity and reliability tests. The analysis instrument used to examine the hypothesis was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which is developed by Arbuckle (1999). The result of this research indicated that (1) the attitude, government support and technology support variables was not influent on the intention, while the subjective norms and self-efficacy variables were influent on the intention. The difference of this result was found because internet banking was still something newly developed by bank so that the intention of finance institution service's user was still low. Whereas the government support and technology support were not influent on intention because the people don't trust to the government in overcoming the problem of electronic commerce and internet security and there was lack of human resources in the matter of technology exchange, the inadequate infrastructure because of the slowness of internet access, and the high price of internet access out to a country. (2) The subjective norms, government support and technology support were not influent on the attitude in using internet banking. This is so because the internet banking was still something new and its facility was still inadequate so that there were still a few people who used the internet banking because there was lack of motivation from the environment in using the new innovation. The cause of uninfluenced government support and technology support on the attitude was the government attitude toward the policies related to the security and problem of electronic commerce was no optimum. The other problem that became obstacle in applying the internet banking was the law enforcement process that was not open and the unclearness of the regulations that regulate electronic deal between the bank and the client. While, technology support, probably due to the perception difference about the quality of Internet infrastructure in one country to another could influence the attitude of individual on the use of internet banking. (3) Self-efficacy had significantly influence on the attitude.

Kata Kunci : Intention, Attitude, Subjective Norms, Self-Efficacy, Government Support, Technology Support, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Internet Banking