Actually existing neoliberalism dan ketidakadilan spasial: Membedah anomali kebijakan Pantai Indah Kapuk 2

Muhammad Rafi Adhine Prameswhara, Dr. Phil. Ag Subarsono, M.Si., M.A.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA (MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK)

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak kebijakan pengembangan Pantai Indah Kapuk Tropical Coastland (PIK 2) terhadap kondisi tata ruang dan lingkungan melalui pendekatan ekonomi politik, serta memetakan transformasi peran negara dalam orkestrasi pembangunan tersebut. Menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, riset ini mengandalkan analisis dokumen kebijakan, putusan hukum, data spasial, dan data pasar properti. Hasil penelitian mengungkap empat dampak sistemik: pertama, segregasi spasial melalui konsep gated community yang memutus 16 jalur akses tradisional; kedua, gentrifikasi ekonomi yang memicu lonjakan harga tanah di Kosambi hingga 166,7% (Q1 2026); ketiga, degradasi ekologis akibat tumpang tindih 1.500 hektar lahan proyek dengan zona hutan lindung; serta keempat, krisis partisipasi dalam perencanaan strategis. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa PIK 2 merupakan manifestasi actually existing neoliberalism di Indonesia, di mana negara melakukan “reregulasi” melalui instrumen Proyek Strategis Nasional (PSN) untuk memfasilitasi akumulasi kapital elite, dengan mengorbankan kedaulatan ruang warga. Kontribusi teoretis penelitian ini memperkaya literatur ekonomi politik pembangunan di Global South dengan membuktikan peran tata kelola sebagai “Trojan Horse” ekspansi kapital. Kontribusi praktisnya adalah mendorong penguatan pengawasan yudisial atas kebijakan ekonomi makro. Keterbatasan penelitian terletak pada ketiadaan data primer wawancara, sehingga disarankan penelitian masa depan mengeksplorasi strategi resistensi warga secara etnografis.

This study examines the spatial and environmental impacts of the Pantai Indah Kapuk Tropical Coastland (PIK 2) development policy through a political economy framework, while tracing the transformation of the state’s role in orchestrating this development. Using a qualitative methodology and a case study approach, this research draws on the analysis of policy documents, judicial rulings, spatial data, and property market data. The findings reveal four systemic impacts: first, spatial segregation enacted through a gated community model that has severed 16 traditional access routes; second, economic gentrification that has driven land price increases in Kosambi by as much as 166.7% (Q1 2026); third, ecological degradation resulting from the overlap of approximately 1,500 hectares of project land with protected forest zones; and fourth, a crisis of participatory inclusion in strategic spatial planning. This study concludes that PIK 2 constitutes a manifestation of actually existing neoliberalism in Indonesia, wherein the state engages in “reregulation” through the National Strategic Project (PSN) instrument to facilitate elite capital accumulation at the expense of citizens’ spatial sovereignty. Theoretically, this research enriches the political economy of development literature in the Global South by demonstrating the role of governance as a “Trojan Horse” for capital expansion. In practical terms, it advocates for the strengthening of judicial oversight over macroeconomic policy. The main limitation of this study is the absence of primary interview data, thus suggesting that future research to explore community resistance strategies through ethnographic inquiry.

Kata Kunci : actually existing neoliberalism, anomali kebijakan, ekonomi politik, ketidakadilan spasial, pantai indah kapuk tropical coastland (PIK 2), proyek strategis nasional (PSN)