Efisiensi Transformasi Genetik Gen Delta N-SPS untuk Perakitan Varietas Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Tahan Stres Abiotik melalui Bioteknologi

Nafila Aisya Fu'ad, Widhi Dyah Sawitri, S.Si., M.Agr., Ph.D., Agus Budi Setiawan, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Cekaman kekeringan merupakan salah satu faktor abiotik utama yang membatasi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.). Salah satu mekanisme adaptasi tanaman terhadap kekeringan adalah osmoregulasi melalui peningkatan akumulasi osmoprotektan, termasuk sukrosa. Enzim Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS) memiliki peran sentral dalam biosintesis sukrosa, dan mutan delta N-SPS diketahui mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim secara signifikan dibandingkan SPS non mutan. Studi ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Petanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada dan Divisi Research & Development, PT Gunung Madu Plantations, bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas transformasi gen delta N-SPS pada dua varietas tebu M3 dan M5 dengan dua metode A dan B menggunakan Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Proses tahapan transformasi genetik yaitu infeksi Agrobacterium, ko kultivasi, resting, seleksi, dan perakaran sebelum dilakukannya analisis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk mendeteksi keberadaan gen delta N-SPS pada tanaman putatif transforman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi genetik berhasil ditandai dengan terdeteksinya gen nptII pada beberapa sampel tanaman putatif, serta Metode B memberikan efisiensi transformasi yang lebih tinggi 12% dibandingkan Metode A, terutama pada varietas M3.

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors limiting the growth and productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). One of the plant adaptation mechanisms to drought is osmoregulation through the increased accumulation of osmoprotectants, including sucrose. Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS) plays a central role in sucrose biosynthesis, and the delta N-SPS mutant is known to enhance enzyme activity significantly compared to the wild-type SPS. This study, conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Universitas Gadjah Mada and PT Gunung Madu Plantations, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of delta N-SPS gene transformation in two sugarcane varieties M3 and M5 using two transformation methods A and B mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The process of genetic transformation stages is Agrobacterium infection, co-cultivation, resting, selection, and rooting before polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis is carried out to detect the presence of the delta N-SPS gene in putative transformant plants. The results showed that genetic transformation was successful, as indicated by the detection of the nptII gene in several putative plant samples. Method B provided a 12% higher transformation efficiency than Method A, especially in the M3 variety.

Kata Kunci : Sugarcane, delta N-SPS, genetic transformation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, abiotic stress, PCR