Tinjauan Kebijakan EV di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Melalui Kerangka Multi-Level Governance

Bagas Prakoso Dwianggoro, Pradhikna Yunik Nurhayati, S.I.P., M.P.A.Ph.D

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA (MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK)

Percepatan kendaraan listrik merupakan agenda strategis nasional Indonesia dalam mendukung dekarbonisasi sektor transportasi. Meski demikian, transisi energi di tingkat daerah seperti Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) menghadapi tantangan kompleks terkait tata kelola dan keterbatasan kapasitas fiskal. Secara yuridis, DIY telah memiliki komitmen makro melalui pengesahan Peraturan Daerah (Perda) Rencana Umum Energi Daerah (RUED), namun ketiadaan regulasi teknis turunan memicu anomali eksekusi di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana kebijakan percepatan kendaraan listrik diterjemahkan dan dikoordinasikan di tingkat Daerah. Kerangka analisis yang digunakan difokuskan pada Multi Level Governance guna melihat adanya distribusi kewenangan dan interaksi antar pemerintah, yang diperdalam melalui pemetaan pemangku kepentingan (stakeholder mapping) melalui matriks kekuasaan dan kepentingan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan aktor kunci ditingkat pusat dan daerah serta analisis dokumen kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerjemah kebijakan secara vertikal masih terhenti pada tataran normatif. Keterbatasan APBD membuat birokrasi daerah bersikap pasif, sehingga kekosongan eksekusi ini diambil alih oleh intervensi aktor spesifik berbasis proyek (ENTREV). Pada tingkat horizontal, koordinasi antar-instansi tidak digerakkan oleh komando hierarkis tunggal, melainkan melalui inisiatif sukarela (voluntary synergy). Meskipun interaksi bergerak secara mandiri sesuai batas kewenangannya, pengupayaan tersebut tetap selaras menuju tujuan transisi energi yang sama. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dinamika dari pusat ke daerah dan koordinasi antar dinas tersebut menunjukkan pelaksanaan kebijakan yang masih berjalan secara terpisah. Visi transisi energi di DIY sebenarnya sudah sangat sejalan diatas kertas perencanaan. Meskipun pada praktiknya langka-langkah di lapangan masih terpencar akibat keterbatasan anggaran daerah dan ketiadaan arahan operasional yang mengikat, seluruh upaya mandiri tersebut tetap berjalan beriringan. Berbagai inisiatif yang ada terbukti tidak saling berbenturan dan tetap berhasil mendorong percepatan ekosistem kendaraan listrik secara selaras di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. 

The acceleration of electric vehicles is a strategic national agenda of Indonesia in supporting the decarbonization of the transportation sector. However, the energy transition at the regional level such as the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) faces complex challenges related to governance and limited fiscal capacity. Juridically, DIY already has a macro commitment through the enactment of the Regional Regulation on the Regional Energy General Plan (RUED), yet the absence of derivative technical regulations triggers anomalies in execution in the field. This study aims to analyze how the policy of accelerating electric vehicles is translated and coordinated at the regional level. The analytical framework used is focused on Multi-Level Governance to examine the distribution of authority and interaction among governments, which is further elaborated through stakeholder mapping using a power-interest matrix. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key actors at the central and regional levels as well as policy document analysis. The results show that vertical policy translation still stops at the normative level. The limitation of the regional budget (APBD) makes the regional bureaucracy passive, so that this execution gap is taken over by interventions of specific project-based actors (ENTREV). At the horizontal level, coordination among agencies is not driven by a single hierarchical command, but rather through voluntary synergy. Although interactions move independently according to their respective authorities, these efforts remain aligned toward the same goal of energy transition. This study concludes that the dynamics from central to regional levels and coordination among agencies indicate that policy implementation is still running in a fragmented manner. The vision of energy transition in DIY is actually already very aligned on the planning level. Although in practice the steps in the field are still scattered due to limited regional budgets and the absence of binding operational directives, all of these independent efforts continue to run in parallel. Various existing initiatives are proven not to conflict with one another and still succeed in encouraging the acceleration of the electric vehicle ecosystem in a coherent manner in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : Kendaraan Listrik, Multi Level Governance, Pemetaan Pemangku kepentingan, Tata Kelola Kebijakan, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta