Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa antimikroba dari daun Galinggang (Cassia alata Linn)

SAIFUL, Dr. Sumantri, M.Sc.Apt

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Daun Galinggang (Cassia alata Linn) secara tradisonal digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit infeksi, seperti : bisul, kurap, gatal-gatal, eksim, dan lain-lain. Daun tersebut mengandung senyawa antibakteri yang dapat diisolasi melalui maserasi, krmatografi cair vakum, dan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif. Penyarian dilakukan secara maserasi selama 3 kali 24 jam (3hari) pada temperatur kamar dengan pelarut petroleum eter. Sari didapat dengan menguapkan pelarut petroleum eter menggunakan rotavapor. Setelah semua PE menguap bahan dimaserasi lagi dengan kloroform dan metanol dengan cara yang sama seperti pada petroleum eter sehingga didapat sari kloroform dan sari metanol. Ketiga sari diuji aktivitasnya dengan metode difusi agar. Sari yang aktif difraksinasi dengan kromatografi cair vakum, eluat dikelompokkan berdasarkan kesamaan bercak kromatogram lapis tipis. Fraksi yang didapat diuji aktivitasnya dengan metode difusi agar. Fraksi yang aktif diisolasi dengan metode KLT preparatif dan diperoleh senyawa yang kemurniannya diuji secara KLT. Identifikasi senyawa dilakukan melalui penyemprotan bercak KLT dan metode spektroskopi. Spektrum UV-visibel isolat menunjukkan serapan maksimum (ë) pada pada 257 nm, 290 nm dan 433 nm. Spektrum IM menunjukkan serapan pada bilangan gelombang (õ) 3409,9 cm-1(OH), 2920,0 cm-1, 2850,6 cm-1(CH), 1627,8 cm-1(C=O). Spektrum GCMS memberikan fragmentasi pada m/z : 286 (M+), 210, 193, 134, 102, 76, 57, 55, dan 44. Spektrum RMI1H menunjukkan puncak resonansi pada (ä ppm) : 8,2 (d, H-aromatis), 7,1 (d, H-aromatis), 6,5 (d, H-aromatis), 5,3 (s, H-gugus) dan 4,0 (d, H-gugus). Spektra ini mengindikasikan senyawa antrakuinon. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi, senyawa antibakteri yang terdapat dalam daun Galinggang merupakan senyawa antrakuinon. Hasil uji aktivitas menunjukkan bahwa senyawa antibakteri tersebut dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 0,5 mg/ml.

The Galinggang (Cassia alata Linn) leaves were traditionally used to treat several kinds of infection diseases, such as: abscess, ringworm, irritation, eczema, etc. The leaves contained antibacterial compound that could be isolated by maceration, vacuum liquid chromatography, and preparative thin layer chromatography. The extraction was carried out by using maceration method during once a day for three days at room temperature with petroleum ether. The extract was obtained by evaporation of petroleum ether using rotavapor. After all petroleum ether was evaporated, the residue was macerated again with chloroform and methanol in the same way as to the petroleum ether, hence chloroform and methanol extract were obtained. The activities of the three extracts were tested by agar diffusion method. The active extract was fractionated with vacuum liquid chromatography and then it was classified based on the similarity of TLC spots. The obtained fraction was then tested its activity by using agar diffusion method. The active fraction was isolated again with preparative TLC method and the compound was obtained the purity of which tested with TLC. The identification of compound was carried out by spraying to the TLC spots and spectroscopy method. The UV-visible spectrum of the isolate showed the maximum absorbance (ë) at : 257 nm, 290 nm, and 433 nm. The IR spectrum showed the wave number (õ) at : 3409,9 cm-1 (OH), 2920,0 cm-1, 2850,6 cm-1 (CH), 1627,8 cm-1(C=O ). The MS spectrum gave fragmentation at m/z : 286 (M+) , 210, 193, 134, 102, 76, 57, 55, and 44. The 1H NMR spectrum showed the resonance peak (ä ppm) at : 8,2 (d, H-aromatic), 7,1 (d, Haromatic), 6,5 (d, H-aromatic), 5,3 (s, H-group) and 4,0 (d, H-group). These spectra indicated the anthraquinone compound. Based on the resulting of identification, the antibacterial compound that contained in Galinggang leaves was anthraquinone compound. The result of activity test showed that antibacterial compound could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 0,5 mg/ml.

Kata Kunci : Obat Infeksi,Daun Galinggang,Senyawa Antimikroba, Galinggang (Cassia alata Linn), Anthraquinone, Antimicrobial compound, Antibacterial compound,