9,3) bahkan pada far-offset, sementara orde-8 mengalami degradasi signifikan ke kategori "good" (GOF ? 7,9). Waktu komputasi meningkat seiring orde (14.560 ? 17.990 ? 20.353 detik), namun efisiensi CPU tetap tinggi (97–99%) dan penggunanaan memori yang relatif stabil. Secara keseluruhan, Orde-12 memberikan keseimbangan optimal antara akurasi dan efisiensi komputasi. This study analyzes the propagation of 2D elastic seismic waves using the finite difference method with spatial orders of 8, 12, and 16 on a synthetic hydrocarbon reservoir model with an anticline structure. The simulations were carried out using a second-order finite difference scheme in the time domain and higher-order schemes in the spatial domain. Evaluation was conducted through shot gathers, wiggle plots, as well as time-frequency misfit (TFM) and goodness-of-fit (TFG) parameters at various zero-offset, near-offset, mid-offset, and far-offset positions. The results indicate that increasing the spatial order reduces numerical dispersion and produces smoother wavefields. The 8th-order scheme exhibits tail oscillations (ringing) at far-offsets, obscuring reflections and AVO phenomena. The 12th- and 16th-order schemes successfully suppress these artifacts, yielding sharper seismic images. With TFG values for the 12th- and 16th-order schemes remaining in the “very good” to “excellent” range (GOF > 9.3) even at far-offsets, the 8th-order scheme shows significant degradation to the “good” category (GOF ? 7.9). Computational time increases with order (14,560 ? 17,990 ? 20,353 seconds), yet CPU efficiency remains high (97–99%) with relatively stable memory usage. Overall, the 12th-order scheme provides the optimal balance between accuracy and computational efficiency."> 9,3) bahkan pada far-offset, sementara orde-8 mengalami degradasi signifikan ke kategori "good" (GOF ? 7,9). Waktu komputasi meningkat seiring orde (14.560 ? 17.990 ? 20.353 detik), namun efisiensi CPU tetap tinggi (97–99%) dan penggunanaan memori yang relatif stabil. Secara keseluruhan, Orde-12 memberikan keseimbangan optimal antara akurasi dan efisiensi komputasi. This study analyzes the propagation of 2D elastic seismic waves using the finite difference method with spatial orders of 8, 12, and 16 on a synthetic hydrocarbon reservoir model with an anticline structure. The simulations were carried out using a second-order finite difference scheme in the time domain and higher-order schemes in the spatial domain. Evaluation was conducted through shot gathers, wiggle plots, as well as time-frequency misfit (TFM) and goodness-of-fit (TFG) parameters at various zero-offset, near-offset, mid-offset, and far-offset positions. The results indicate that increasing the spatial order reduces numerical dispersion and produces smoother wavefields. The 8th-order scheme exhibits tail oscillations (ringing) at far-offsets, obscuring reflections and AVO phenomena. The 12th- and 16th-order schemes successfully suppress these artifacts, yielding sharper seismic images. With TFG values for the 12th- and 16th-order schemes remaining in the “very good” to “excellent” range (GOF > 9.3) even at far-offsets, the 8th-order scheme shows significant degradation to the “good” category (GOF ? 7.9). Computational time increases with order (14,560 ? 17,990 ? 20,353 seconds), yet CPU efficiency remains high (97–99%) with relatively stable memory usage. Overall, the 12th-order scheme provides the optimal balance between accuracy and computational efficiency.">
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Analisis Perambatan Gelombang Seismik Elastik 2D Dengan Metode Finite Difference Orde Spasial-8, -12, Dan -16 Pada Model Sintetik Reservoar Hidrokarbon

M Faris Hizazi, Dr. Sudarmaji. S.Si., M.Si.; Dr. T. Marwan Irnaka, S.Si., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | GEOFISIKA

Penelitian ini menganalisis perambatan gelombang seismik elastik 2D menggunakan metode finite difference dengan variasi orde spasial-8,-12, dan -16 pada model sintetis reservoir hidrokarbon berstruktur antiklin. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan skema beda hingga orde kedua pada domain waktu dan orde tinggi pada domain spasial. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui shot gather, wiggle plot, serta parameter time-frequency misfit (TFM) dan goodness-of-fit (TFG) pada berbagai zero-offset, near-offset, mid-offset, dan far-offset.

Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan orde spasial mengurangi dispersi numerik dan menghasilkan gelombang yang lebih halus. Orde-8 menunjukkan osilasi ekor (ringing) pada far-offset yang mengaburkan refleksi dan fenomena AVO. Orde-12 dan -16 berhasil menekan artefak tersebut, menghasilkan citra seismik yang lebih tajam. Dengan TFG orde-12 vs orde-16 tetap "very good" hingga "excellent" (GOF > 9,3) bahkan pada far-offset, sementara orde-8 mengalami degradasi signifikan ke kategori "good" (GOF ? 7,9). Waktu komputasi meningkat seiring orde (14.560 ? 17.990 ? 20.353 detik), namun efisiensi CPU tetap tinggi (97–99%) dan penggunanaan memori yang relatif stabil. Secara keseluruhan, Orde-12 memberikan keseimbangan optimal antara akurasi dan efisiensi komputasi.

This study analyzes the propagation of 2D elastic seismic waves using the finite difference method with spatial orders of 8, 12, and 16 on a synthetic hydrocarbon reservoir model with an anticline structure. The simulations were carried out using a second-order finite difference scheme in the time domain and higher-order schemes in the spatial domain. Evaluation was conducted through shot gathers, wiggle plots, as well as time-frequency misfit (TFM) and goodness-of-fit (TFG) parameters at various zero-offset, near-offset, mid-offset, and far-offset positions.

The results indicate that increasing the spatial order reduces numerical dispersion and produces smoother wavefields. The 8th-order scheme exhibits tail oscillations (ringing) at far-offsets, obscuring reflections and AVO phenomena. The 12th- and 16th-order schemes successfully suppress these artifacts, yielding sharper seismic images. With TFG values for the 12th- and 16th-order schemes remaining in the “very good” to “excellent” range (GOF > 9.3) even at far-offsets, the 8th-order scheme shows significant degradation to the “good” category (GOF ? 7.9). Computational time increases with order (14,560 ? 17,990 ? 20,353 seconds), yet CPU efficiency remains high (97–99%) with relatively stable memory usage. Overall, the 12th-order scheme provides the optimal balance between accuracy and computational efficiency.

Kata Kunci : gelombang elastik, finite difference, orde tinggi, dispersi numerik, time-frequency misft, time-frequency goodness of fit, efisiensi komputasi, hidrokarbon, elastic wave, finite difference, high-order scheme, numerical dispersion, time-frequency misfit, t

  1. S1-2026-442429-abstract.pdf  
  2. S1-2026-442429-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S1-2026-442429-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S1-2026-442429-title.pdf