Loss dan Gain dalam Terjemahan Puisi Jenggala: Kumpulan Puisi Dwibahasa

Haryo Untoro, Prof. Dr. Hendrokumoro, M.Hum.

2026 | Skripsi | SASTRA NUSANTARA

Penelitian ini membahas bentuk dan faktor penyebab penggunaan loss 'pengurangan' dan gain 'penambahan' dalam penerjemahan puisi berbahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Jawa Kuna dalam antologi puisi Jenggala: Kumpulan Puisi Dwibahasa. Kajian ini berlandaskan teori loss dan gain dalam penerjemahan yang dipaparkan oleh Susan Bassnett. Kajian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif komparatif dan disusun melalui tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, analisis data, dan penyajian hasil analisis data. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik triangulasi, meliputi teknik simak dan catat, wawancara, serta studi pustaka. Tahap reduksi data dilakukan untuk memilah data yang mengandung kasus loss dan gain. Pada tahap analisis data, diaplikasikan metode padan translasional dan metode agih didukung teknik baca markah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerjemah menerapkan loss, gain, dan kombinasi loss dan gain dalam penerjemahan puisi. Loss terjemahan ditemukan pada tataran grafologi, morfologi, dan sintaksis. Kemudian, gain terjemahan berada pada ranah morfologi, dan sintaksis. Lalu, campuran loss dan gain terjemahan terjadi pada ranah morfologi, pengurangan dalam ranah morfologi dan penambahan pada tataran sintaksis, serta pengurangan pada tataran sintaksis dan penambahan pada ranah morfologi. Selanjutnya, faktor penyebab hadirnya loss dan gain terjemahan meliputi faktor pengetahuan penerjemah, ekspresi penerjemah, dan motivasi penerjemah. 

This study examines the forms and causal factors of the use of loss (reduction) and gain (addition) in the translation of Indonesian-language poetry into Old Javanese in the poetry anthology Jenggala: Kumpulan Puisi Dwibahasa. This research is grounded in the theory of loss and gain in translation as proposed by Susan Bassnett. This study uses a comparative qualitative descriptive method and is structured through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data analysis, and presentation of data analysis results. Data was collected using data triangulation techniques which include listening and note-taking techniques, interviews, and literature studies. The data reduction stage was carried out to select data containing cases of loss and gain. In the data analysis stage, the translational equivalence method and the distributional method were applied, supported by the marker-reading technique. The results of the study indicate that the translator applies loss, gain, and a combination of loss and gain in the translation of poetry. Translational loss is found at the levels of graphology, morphology, and syntax. Meanwhile, translational gain occurs in the domains of morphology and syntax. Furthermore, a combination of translational loss and gain occurs in the morphological domain, in the form of reduction at the morphological level and addition at the syntactic level, as well as reduction at the syntactic level and addition at the morphological level. In addition, the factors contributing to the occurrence of translational loss and gain include the translator’s knowledge, the translator’s expression, and the translator’s motivation.

Kata Kunci : Antologi puisi. Terjemahan, Loss, Gain