Sintesis Nanokomposit Magnetit/Karbon Aktif Dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Adsorben Zat Warna Safranin O
Emanden Stefy Alyanisa, Prof. Dr. Suyanta, M.Si.; Prof. Dra. Eko Sri Kunarti, M.Si., Ph.D.
2026 | Skripsi | KIMIA
Telah dilakukan sintesis nanokomposit magnetit/karbon aktif sebagai adsorben zat warna kationik safranin O. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat nanokomposit magnetit/karbon aktif kulit jagung sebagai adsorben zat warna kationik safranin O dan mengetahui kondisi optimalnya. Karbon aktif disintesis dari kulit jagung yang dikarbonisasi pada suhu 350 °C selama 1 jam dan diaktivasi dengan larutan HCl. Sintesis adsorben nanokomposit magnetit/karbon aktif dilakukan dengan metode kopresipitasi dan memanfaatkan NH4OH sebagai agen pengendap hingga pH mencapai 10. Material hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR, XRD, dan SEM-EDX. Kajian adsorpsi safranin O dilakukan dalam sistem batch dengan variasi pH, waktu, massa, dan konsentrasi awal safranin O. Adsorben dipisahkan dari larutan dengan menggunakan medan magnet luar. Konsentrasi safranin O dalam larutan dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis.
Keberhasilan sintesis nanokomposit magnetit/karbon aktif ditunjukkan melalui analisis FTIR yang memperlihatkan pergeseran pita serapan gugus O–H, C–O, dan Fe–O, yang mengindikasikan adanya interaksi antara partikel Fe?O? dengan gugus fungsi permukaan karbon aktif. Selain itu, hasil XRD menunjukkan puncak difraktogram khas magnetit pada 2? 30,13° (220), 35,40° (311), 57,18° (511), dan 62,84° (440) dengan rata-rata ukuran kristalit sebesar 47,59 nm, sehingga mengonfirmasi bahwa nanokomposit berhasil terbentuk dengan baik. Adsorben nanokomposit magnetit/karbon aktif memiliki pHpzc sebesar 6. Adsorpsi safranin O terjadi secara optimum pada pH 9 dan mengikuti model kinetika adsorpsi orde kedua semu. Isoterm adsorpsi safranin O mengikuti model isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir dan didapatkan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 46,08 mg g-1.
Magnetite/activated carbon nanocomposites were successfully synthesized as an adsorbent for the cationic dye safranin O. This study aimed to prepare magnetite/activated carbon nanocomposites derived from corn husk as an adsorbent for safranin O and to determine the optimum adsorption conditions. Activated carbon was synthesized from corn husk through carbonization at 350 °C for 1 hour, followed by activation using an HCl solution. The magnetite/activated carbon nanocomposite was prepared using a coprecipitation method, with NH?OH employed as a precipitating agent until the pH reached 10. The synthesized materials were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX. Adsorption studies of safranin O were conducted in a batch system with variations in pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, and initial dye concentration. The adsorbent was separated from the solution using an external magnetic field. The concentration of safranin O in the solution was analyzed using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer.
The successful synthesis of the magnetite/activated carbon nanocomposite was confirmed by FTIR analysis, which showed shifts in the absorption bands of O–H, C–O, and Fe–O functional groups, indicating interactions between Fe?O? particles and the surface functional groups of activated carbon. Furthermore, XRD analysis revealed characteristic magnetite diffraction peaks at 2? values of 30.13° (220), 35.40° (311), 57.18° (511), and 62.84° (440), with an average crystallite size of 47.59 nm, confirming the successful formation of the nanocomposite. The magnetite/activated carbon nanocomposite exhibited a pH?zc of 6. The adsorption of safranin O was optimal at pH 9 and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm was best described by the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 46.08 mg g?¹.
Kata Kunci : adsorpsi, magnetit, karbon aktif, safranin O
