Model pengelolaan wilayah pesisir secara terpadu (PWPT) berbasis masyarakat :: Kasus Kelurahah Purwahamba Kec. Surodadi dan Kelurahan Dampyak Kecamatan Kramat Kabupaten Tegal Jawa Tengah

JATI, Raditya, Prof.Dr. H. Sutikno

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Potensi dan keanekaragaman hayati laut di Kabupaten Tegal tidak dapat berkelanjutan bila tidak ada Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir secara Terpadu (PWPT) yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari isu lingkungan berbasis pada pihak terkait dan masyarakat; mengetahui peranan pihak terkait dan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan wilayah pesisir; dan menyusun model pengelolaan wilayah pesisir secara terpadu berbasis masyarakat. Di Kelurahan Purwahamba mengalami erosi pantai yang intensif dan di Kelurahan Dampyak terjadi degradasi lahan mangrove. Metode yang digunakan adalah riset partisipatif dengan menggunakan PCRA dan indepth interview dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Kerangka model perencanaan pengelolaan wilayah pesisir DPSIR (Driven force, Pressure, State, Impact, Response) digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menyusun model di Kabupaten Tegal. Isu lingkungan wilayah pesisir di daerah penelitian meliputi isu erosi dan sedimentasi pantai, degradasi lahan mangrove, pencemaran air laut, intrusi, sampah dan sanitasi, tata ruang, overfishing, konflik kepentingan, dan hutan yang ada di lahan atas habis. Peranan masyarakat selama ini belum banyak terlibat langsung dengan perencanaan dan PWPT. Model PWPT dari aspek kepeterpaduan pelaku, meliputi berbagai stakeholders di tingkat lokal dan regional dengan payung konsensus nasional dengan sistem koordinasi, kooperatif, dan konsultasi antar pihak terkait. Keterpaduan dari aspek perencanaan dapat menggunakan model DPSIR yang menyangkut aspek abiotik, biotik, dan cultur. Perencanaan sebaiknya dilaksanakan secara bottom-up dengan mekanisme komite tingkat lokal dan regional. Keterpaduan dari aspek penyelesaian masalah di lingkungan wilayah pesisir dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai model pendekatan dan instrumen kebijakan antara lain, model kebijakan pemerintah, model pengelolaan secara kontinu, model co-management, model community based management, model capacity building, model pengembangan pengetahuan tradisional. Semua bentuk model sebaiknya dilakukan secara bersinergi untuk mendapatkan pengelolaan wilayah pesisir secara terpadu yang optimal untuk daerah penelitian.

Tegal is located in the north of Java Sea, with high biodiversity and marine potential resources. Without the concept of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) these potential resources will not be sustainable. The ICZM include of issues and solutions, planning processes, and actors that role in the coastal area. The goal of this research is to understand the issues based on the stakeholders and community; to understand the role of the stakeholders and community in coastal zone management; and to develop an intergrated coastal zone management based on the community. Research case in Purwahamba, known with its intensive beach erosion and in Dampyak is commonly known as the mangroves reforestration and land conversion to marine culture issues. Although other environmental issues might occurred. Participation research with PCRA and indepth interview are used, analyze in descriptive qualitative to precieve the goals. DPSIR (Driven force, Pressure, State, Impact, Response) is adopted as a tool to developed the planning model process for Tegal. Environmental issues in Tegal consist of beach erosion, sedimentation, mangroves destruction, sea water pollution, intrution, waste and sanitation, spatial planning, overfishing, conflict of interest, deforestration in the upper land. Commonly, the community’s role is not directly involved in the planning process of coastal zone. The ICZM model in Tegal should involved all stakeholders in local and regional level that provide approaches focusing on coordination, cooperation, and consultation among the stakeholde,. Plannning process used DPSIR as a guidance tha related to the abiotic, biotic, and cultural approaches. All planning process should considered as bottom-up planning within the regional and local comittee mechanism enhancement. Integrated approaches on problem solving should used the model and instrument of government policy, continous management, co-management, community based management, capacity building, traditional knowledge. These models should be sinergies to optimalized the goal of ICZM in Tegal.

Kata Kunci : pengelolaan wilayah pesisir secara terpadu, partisipatif, model DPSIR, co-management, community based management, integrated coastal zone management, DPSIR model, parcipatory