Efektivitas Bacillus velezensis B-27 Sebagai Agen Pengendali Penyakit Penting Tanaman Cabai Rawit

Kaila Rahmatania Kurniawan, Prof. Dr. Tri Joko, S.P., M.Sc. ; Dr. Suryanti, S.P., M.P.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Tanaman cabai merupakan tanaman hortikultura dengan nilai ekonomis tinggi, banyak digunakan sebagai bumbu dapur dan olahan industri pangan. Saat ini, terdapat beberapa penyakit yang menginfeksi tanaman cabai, seperti antraknosa, keriting kuning, layu Fusarium, bercak daun Cercospora, dan layu bakteri. Upaya antisipasi penyakit pada tanaman dilakukan dengan pengendalian ramah lingkungan yang mampu menggantikan pestisida kimia. Pemanfaatan Bacillus velezensis B-27 sebagai agens hayati salah satu upaya alternatif dalam pengendalian penyakit tanaman cabai. Metode yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan (Bacillus velezensis B-27 kerapatan 4,4x108 CFU/mL, Bacillus velezensis B-27 kerapatan 8,8x107 CFU/mL, dan Bacillus velezensis B-27 kerapatan 4,4x107 CFU/mL) dan kontrol, masing-masing memiliki 3 ulangan pada tiap perlakuan dan 10 tanaman sampel setiap ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap satu minggu sekali dengan parameter pengamatan tinggi tanaman, intensitas penyakit, insidensi penyakit, dan hasil produksi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah dengan Rstudio dan dilanjutkan dengan uji tukey. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Bacillus velezensis B-27 tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman cabai. Pada Insidensi penyakit menunjukkan hasil yang belum signifikan namun perlakuan Bacillus velezensis B-27 dengan konsentrasi tertinggi dapat menekan penyebaran penyakit keriting kuning. Hasil pengamatan dilapangan Bacillus velezensis B-27 menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan atau berpengaruh nyata dalam menekan intensitas penyakit bercak daun Cercospora dan keriting kuning. Bacillus velezensis B-27 juga memberikan pengaruh terhadap berat sakit hasil panen, berat sehat hasil panen, dan jumlah cabai yang terserang antraknosa.

Chili pepper plants are horticultural crops with high economic value, widely used as culinary spices and in the food processing industry. Currently, there are several diseases that infect chili pepper plants, such as anthracnose, yellow leaf curl, Fusarium wilt, Cercospora leaf spot, and bacterial wilt. Disease prevention efforts for these plants are carried out through environmentally friendly control methods that can replace chemical pesticides. The use of Bacillus velezensis B-27 as a biological agent is one alternative approach to controlling diseases in chili plants. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments (Bacillus velezensis B-27 at a concentration of 4.4×10? CFU/mL, Bacillus velezensis B-27 at a concentration of 8.8×10? CFU/mL, and Bacillus velezensis B-27 at a concentration of 4.4×10? CFU/ mL) and a control, each with 3 replicates per treatment and 10 sample plants per replicate. Observations were conducted once a week, with the following parameters: plant height, disease intensity, disease incidence, and yield. The data obtained were then analyzed using RStudio and followed by a Tukey test. The results showed that the application of Bacillus velezensis B-27 did not have a significant effect on chili plant height. Regarding disease incidence, the results were not yet significant; however, the treatment with Bacillus velezensis B-27 at the highest concentration was able to suppress the spread of yellow leaf curl disease. Field observations of Bacillus velezensis B-27 showed significant results or a clear effect in suppressing the intensity of Cercospora leaf spot and yellow curl diseases. Bacillus velezensis B-27 also influenced the weight of diseased harvested peppers, the weight of healthy harvested peppers, and the number of peppers affected by anthracnose.

Kata Kunci : Bacillus velezensis B-27, pengendalian hayati, tanaman cabai