Pemodelan Matematis Keseimbangan Massa Air, Kadar Air Kritis, dan Kinetika Sifat Fisik untuk Prediksi Umur Simpan Beras dalam Berbagai Kemasan
Kukuh Hadi Senjaya, Dr. Sri Rahayoe, S.T.P., M.P.; Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi, S.T.P., M.Eng., Ph.D.
2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN
Beras merupakan bahan
pangan pokok yang bersifat higroskopis sehingga kadar airnya dapat berubah
selama penyimpanan akibat interaksi dengan kondisi lingkungan. Perubahan kadar
air tersebut dapat memengaruhi sifat fisik beras dan mempercepat penurunan mutu
produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan kadar air dan
sifat fisik beras selama penyimpanan serta memprediksi umur simpan beras
menggunakan pendekatan pemodelan matematis meliputi keseimbangan massa air,
kadar air kritis, dan kinetika perubahan sifat fisik pada berbagai jenis
kemasan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyimpan beras pada suhu 27–30°C dan
kelembaban relatif 50–60% selama 90 hari menggunakan tiga jenis kemasan, yaitu
karung plastik PP polos (K1), karung plastik PP bening (K2), dan plastik PE
(K3). Parameter mutu yang diamati meliputi kadar air, aktivitas air (aw), whiteness,
tapped density, hardness, serta persentase butir patah, menir, dan butir
rusak.
Rice
is a staple food that is hygroscopic, meaning its moisture content can change
during storage due to interactions with environmental conditions. Changes in
moisture content can affect the physical properties of rice and accelerate
quality deterioration. This study aimed to analyze changes in moisture content
and physical properties of rice during storage and to predict its shelf life
using mathematical modeling approaches, including moisture mass balance,
critical moisture content, and kinetics of physical quality changes under
different packaging types. The study was conducted by storing rice at a
temperature of 27–30°C and relative humidity of 50–60% for 90 days using three
types of packaging: woven polypropylene plastic sacks (K1), transparent
polypropylene plastic sacks (K2), and polyethylene plastic packaging (K3). The
observed parameters included moisture content, water activity (aw), whiteness,
tapped density, hardness, and the percentage of broken grains, brewers, and
damaged grains.
The results showed that the initial moisture content of rice was 13.4%. During storage, the moisture content decreased to 11.7% in K1 packaging, 11.5% in K2 packaging, and 12.4% in K3 packaging. Shelf-life prediction based on the kinetic model indicated shelf-life values of 159 days for K1, 143 days for K2, and 221 days for K3. Based on the moisture mass balance model, the shelf life reached 118 days for K1, 103 days for K2, and 206 days for K3, while the ASLT critical moisture content method predicted 212 days for K1, 191 days for K2, and 338 days for K3.
Kata Kunci : beras, kadar air, kerusakan fisik, umur simpan, model matematis, kemasan