Adaptasi Sosial Petani dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim di Kalurahan Selopamioro Kapanewon Imogiri Kabupaten Bantul

'Ammar, Dr. Silverius Djuni Prihatin, M.Si

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU SOSIATRI

Perubahan iklim berdampak signifikan terhadap rumah tangga petani melalui ketidakpastian musim tanam, meningkatnya risiko gagal panen, serta melemahnya ketahanan pangan, terutama di wilayah perbukitan kering seperti Kalurahan Selopamioro, Kapanewon Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul. Kondisi tersebut menempatkan petani dalam situasi kerentanan sosial dan ekonomi yang menuntut kemampuan adaptasi agar keberlangsungan hidup rumah tangga tetap terjaga. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep adaptasi sosial menurut Aminuddin (2000), yang memandang adaptasi sebagai proses penyesuaian sosial untuk mengatasi hambatan lingkungan, menyalurkan ketegangan sosial, mempertahankan kelanggengan unit sosial, dan bertahan hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi dengan melibatkan rumah tangga petani sebagai informan utama serta perangkat kalurahan, balai penyuluh pertanian, dan penyuluh pertanian sebagai informan pendukung. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, dengan uji keabsahan melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi sosial rumah tangga petani tidak hanya diwujudkan melalui perubahan pola tanam, pengelolaan konsumsi pangan, pemanfaatan jaringan sosial, dan diversifikasi sumber pendapatan, tetapi juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh peran aktor dan kelembagaan lokal. Perangkat kalurahan, kelompok tani, serta penyuluh pertanian berperan sebagai fasilitator informasi, penghubung akses bantuan, dan penguat kapasitas adaptasi petani, meskipun perannya belum sepenuhnya terlembaga secara formal. Selain itu, relasi informal berbasis kedekatan sosial, kekerabatan, dan kepercayaan antaraktor lokal berfungsi sebagai mekanisme kebijakan de facto dalam praktik adaptasi sosial, terutama ketika kebijakan formal belum mampu menjangkau kebutuhan petani secara langsung. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa adaptasi sosial merupakan proses berkelanjutan yang bersifat kolektif dan kontekstual, di mana rumah tangga petani memadukan strategi individual, dukungan kelembagaan lokal, serta relasi informal untuk bertahan di tengah tekanan perubahan iklim. Oleh karena itu, adaptasi sosial perlu dipahami sebagai fondasi penting dalam perumusan kebijakan pembangunan sosial dan pertanian yang lebih responsif terhadap kerentanan iklim dan realitas lokal masyarakat petani.

Climate change has significantly affected farming households through increasing uncertainty of planting seasons, higher risks of crop failure, and the weakening of household food security, particularly in dry upland areas such as Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Sub-district, Bantul Regency. These conditions place farming households in a situation of social and economic vulnerability, requiring adaptive capacities to sustain their livelihoods. This study employs the concept of social adaptation proposed by Aminuddin (2000), which defines adaptation as a social adjustment process aimed at overcoming environmental constraints, channeling social tensions, maintaining the continuity of social units, and ensuring survival. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving farming households as primary informants, supported by village officials and agricultural extension workers. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with data validity ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that farming households develop social adaptation strategies not only through changes in cropping patterns, household food consumption management, utilization of social networks, and income diversification, but also through the involvement of local actors and institutions. Village authorities, farmer groups, and agricultural extension services play important roles as information facilitators, access mediators, and capacity builders, although their functions are not always formally institutionalized. Furthermore, informal relations based on social proximity, kinship, and mutual trust function as de facto policy mechanisms that support adaptive practices, particularly when formal policies are unable to respond promptly to farmers’ needs. This study concludes that social adaptation is a continuous, collective, and context-specific process in which farming households integrate individual strategies, local institutional support, and informal relations to cope with climate-related pressures. Therefore, social adaptation should be considered a critical foundation for formulating social and agricultural development policies that are more responsive to climate vulnerability and local realities.

Kata Kunci : Adaptasi Sosial, Rumah Tangga Petani, Perubahan Iklim, Ketahanan Pangan