Analisis Molekuler Gen Penyandi Outer Membrane Protein pada Bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus yang Resisten terhadap Antibiotik Rifampicin

Ahmad Dian Novanto, Dr. Ir. Triyanto, M. Si.

2026 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Vibrio parahaemolyticus merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen penyebab penyakit acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) pada udang. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dalam penanggulangan penyakit bakterial dapat memicu terjadinya resistensi. Resistensi terhadap antibiotik rifampicin memicu terjadinya mutasi spontan pada gen tertentu dari bakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeteksi mutasi gen penyandi outer membrane protein (OMP) pada V. parahaemolyticus akibat resistensi antibiotik rifampicin. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua isolat PWJ dan BKIPM yang sensitif (0 ?g/mL) dan resisten (250 ?g/mL) terhadap rifampicin. DNA kedua isolat bakteri diekstraksi, diamplifikasi gen OMP (OmpK, OmpU, dan OmpW) dan disekuensing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada mutasi yang terjadi, baik di gen OmpK, OmpU, maupun OmpW. Gen OmpK dari kedua isolat (PWJ dan BKIPM) memiliki kemiripan sebesar 99,88%. Sedang pada gen OmpU kedua isolat (PWJ dan BKIPM) memiliki kemiripan hanya sebesar 96,60%. Sementara pada gen OmpW kedua isolat (PWJ dan BKIPM) memiliki kemiripan sebesar 94,70%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat keragaman sekuen gen OmpK, OmpU, dan OmpW antar bakteri V. parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp. Improper use of antibiotics in treating bacterial diseases can induce resistance. Resistance to the antibiotic rifampicin induces spontaneous mutations in certain genes of the bacteria. This study was conducted to detect mutations in the outer membrane proteins (OMP) genes in V. parahaemolyticus due to rifampicin antibiotic resistance. This study used two isolates, PWJ and BKIPM, which were sensitive (0 ?g/mL) and resistant (250 ?g/mL) to rifampicin. DNA from both bacterial isolates was extracted, and the OMP genes (OmpK, OmpU, and OmpW) were amplified and sequenced. The results showed that no mutations occurred in the OmpK, OmpU, or OmpW genes. The OmpK genes of both isolates (PWJ and BKIPM) had a similarity of 99.88%. Meanwhile, the OmpU genes of both isolates (PWJ and BKIPM) had a similarity of only 96.60%. Meanwhile, the OmpW genes of the two isolates (PWJ and BKIPM) had a similarity of 94.70%. Based on these research results, it indicates that there is sequence diversity in the OmpK, OmpU, and OmpW genes among V. parahaemolyticus bacteria.

Kata Kunci : Vibrio parahaemolyticus, resistensi, rifampicin, mutasi, outer membrane protein.