Analisis Pencemaran Logam Berat pada Air, Sedimen, dan Eucheuma cottonii Doty (1973) di Pulau Pari Kabupaten Administrasi Kepulauan Seribu

Luthfiana Eva Putri Kurnia, Dr. Ratih Ida Adharini, S.Pi., M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | MANAJ. SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN

Pulau Pari merupakan kawasan wisata di Kepulauan Seribu yang rentan terpapar limbah antropogenik dari aktivitas transportasi laut maupun domestik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Cu pada air laut, sedimen, dan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii di Pulau Pari, serta mengevaluasi tingkat pencemarannya. Metode penelitian menggunakan teknik random sampling di tiga stasiun. Parameter kualitas air meliputi suhu, pH, dan salinitas. Parameter logam berat diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) sesuai standar SNI. Tingkat pencemaran dianalisis melalui perhitungan Contamination Factor (CF) dan Index Geo Accumulation (Igeo), sementara potensi bioakumulasi dihitung dengan Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu terdeteksi di seluruh media (air, sedimen, dan rumput laut), meskipun sebagian besar kandungannya berada di bawah batas deteksi alat (Below Detection Limit). Konsentrasi Pb pada air laut dan talus E. cottonii telah melebihi ambang batas baku mutu keamanan pangan, sehingga berisiko jika dikonsumsi jangka panjang. Namun, logam Cu pada talus E. cottonii masih berada dibawah standar baku mutu keamanan pangan. Nilai CF dan Igeo menunjukkan kondisi ekosistem relatif aman. Namun, nilai BCF membuktikan E. cottonii memiliki kemampuan bioakumulasi tingkat rendah terhadap logam Pb yang menunjukkan potensinya sebagai bioindikator. Aktivitas transportasi laut dan limbah domestik diduga dapat menjadi sumber Utama pencemaran logam berat di wilayah ini.

Pari Island is a tourist destination in the Seribu Island that is vulnerable to anthropogenic waste from maritime transportation and domestic activities. This study aims to analyze the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, and Cu in seawater, sediment, and the seaweed Eucheuma cottonii in Pari Island, as well as to evaluate the level of pollution. The research method employed a random sampling technique at three stations. Water quality parameters included temperature, pH, and salinity. Heavy metal parameters were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) in accordance with SNI standards. The pollution levels were analyzed through the calculation of the Contamination Factor (CF) and Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), while the bioaccumulation potential was calculated using the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). The results showed that Pb, Cd, and Cu metals were detected in all media (water, sediment, and seaweed), although most of the concentrations were Below Detection Limit (BDL). The concentration of Pb in seawater and E. cottonii thallus exceeded food safety quality standards, posing a risk for long-term consumption. However, Cu levels in the E. cottonii thallus remained below the established food safety standards. CF and Igeo values indicated that the ecosystem conditions are relatively safe. However, BCF values proved that E. cottonii has a low-level bioaccumulation capability for Pb, demonstrating its potential as a bioindicator. Maritime transportation activities and domestic waste are suspected to be the primary sources of heavy metal pollution in this region.

Kata Kunci : logam berat, Pulau Pari, Eucheuma cottonii, bioakumulasi, antropogenik