Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Fisik Formula Na-CMC dan Karbopol pada Gel Minyak Biji Anggur (Vitis vinifera L.) dan Niacinamide

Sekar Tresnaning Adiyowati, Prof. Dr. apt. Abdul Karim Zulkarnain, M.Si., SE.

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Minyak biji anggur dan niacinamide merupakan bahan aktif yang banyak digunakan dalam sediaan topikal untuk perawatan kulit. Minyak biji anggur berperan dalam menjaga kelembapan dan integritas kulit, sedangkan niacinamide sebagai turunan vitamin B3 mampu memperbaiki fungsi barrier kulit. Perbedaan sifat fisikokimia minyak biji anggur yang bersifat lipofilik dan niacinamide yang bersifat hidrofilik mendorong pemilihan sistem sediaan gel berbasis polimer sebagai matriks formulasi. Namun, karakteristik fisik dan stabilitas gel sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis dan konsentrasi gelling agent. Na-CMC dan karbopol merupakan gelling agent yang umum digunakan dengan karakteristik reologi yang berbeda, sehingga optimasi perbandingan keduanya menjadi faktor penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh perbandingan kadar Na-CMC dan karbopol terhadap sifat fisik gel minyak biji anggur dan niacinamide serta mengevaluasi stabilitas fisik formula optimum.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan optimasi konsentrasi Na-CMC dan karbopol melalui pendekatan Simplex Lattice Design menggunakan software Design Expert® versi 13. Formula optimum yang diperoleh selanjutnya diuji stabilitas fisiknya melalui cycling test selama tiga siklus. Evaluasi sifat fisik meliputi pengamatan organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat. Data hasil uji stabilitas fisik dianalisis menggunakan One Way Repeated Measure ANOVA untuk mengetahui perubahan sifat fisik selama penyimpanan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan kadar Na-CMC dan karbopol berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik gel. Formula optimum diperoleh pada kombinasi Na-CMC 1,990?n karbopol 0,510?ngan pH 5,317±0,002, viskositas 79,60±0,33 dPa·s, daya sebar 21,226±0,166 cm², dan daya lekat 3,10±0,06 detik. Formula optimum tetap stabil secara fisik setelah cycling test selama tiga siklus. Dengan demikian, kombinasi Na-CMC dan karbopol mampu menghasilkan gel minyak biji anggur dan niacinamide dengan sifat fisik dan stabilitas yang baik.

Grape seed oil and niacinamide are active ingredients widely used in topical formulations for skin care. Grape seed oil plays a role in maintaining skin moisture and integrity, while niacinamide, a derivative of vitamin B3, is able to improve skin barrier function. The differences in physicochemical properties between lipophilic grape seed oil and hydrophilic niacinamide encourage the selection of a polymer-based gel system as the formulation matrix. However, the physical characteristics and stability of gel formulations are strongly influenced by the type and concentration of the gelling agents. Na-CMC and carbopol are commonly used gelling agents with different rheological characteristics; therefore, optimization of their ratio is an important factor. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the Na-CMC and carbopol ratio on the physical properties of grape seed oil and niacinamide gel formulations and to evaluate the physical stability of the optimum formula.

This study employed an experimental method with optimization of Na CMC and carbopol concentrations using a Simplex Lattice Design approach with Design Expert® software version 13. The optimum formula obtained was subsequently subjected to a physical stability test using a cycling test for three cycles. Physical property evaluations included organoleptic observation, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. The physical stability data were analyzed using One Way Repeated Measure ANOVA to determine changes in physical properties during storage.

The results showed that the ratio of Na-CMC and carbopol significantly affected the physical properties of the gel. The optimum formula was obtained at a combination of 1.990% Na-CMC and 0.510?rbopol, with a pH of 5.317±0.002, viscosity of 79.60±0.33 dPa·s, spreadability of 21.226±0.166 cm², and adhesiveness of 3.10±0.06 seconds. The optimum formula remained physically stable after the cycling test for three cycles. Thus, the combination of Na-CMC and carbopol was able to produce a grape seed oil and niacinamide gel with good physical properties and stability.

Kata Kunci : Na-CMC, karbopol, minyak biji anggur, niacinamide, optimasi