Potensi parasitoid telur wereng batang padi cokelat Nilaparvata lugens di Sleman Yogyakarta

DEWI, Laksmi Prita, Prof.Dr.Ir. Eddy Mahrub, M.Sc

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Wereng batang padi cokelat (WBPC) Nilaparvata lugens Stal. merupakan hama penting tanaman padi, sehingga keberadaannya di persawahan perlu mendapat perhatian serius. Berbagai cara pengendalian telah dilakukan, tetapi belum mampu mengendalikan hama tersebut. Hama ini mempunyai musuh alami yang cukup efektif yaitu parasitoid telur Oligosita sp., Anagrus sp., dan Gonatocerus spp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat parasitasi parasitoid telur WBPC pada tanaman padi lokal varietas Menthik Wangi umur 20, 30, dan 40 Hari Setelah Tanam (HST) di daerah Sleman Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Pengendalian hayati Jurusan Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada dan di lahan padi sawah di Desa Balecatur, Kecamatan Gamping, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, April 2003 sampai Juli 2003. Hasil penelitian ditemukan parasitoid telur WBPC Oligosita naias dan Anagrus optabilis. Pada 20 HST populasi parasitoid telur didominasi O. naias ( 46,26% ), demikian juga pada 30 HST ( 23,92% dari total parasitasi 31,62%), dan pada 40 HST (19,87% dari total parasitasi 22,65% ). Oligosita naias ditemukan di lahan mulai umur 20 HST hingga 40 HST, sedangkan A optabilis baru muncul saat 30 HST. Tingkat parasitasi menurun seiring bertambahnya umur tanaman. O. naias ditemukan pada tanaman dengan lama peletakan telur di lapangan mulai 6 jam hingga 24 jam, sedangkan A. optabilis baru ditemukan pada tanaman dengan lama peletakan 24 jam. Oligosita naias lebih berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati dibandingkan dengan A. optabilis.

Brown Planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stal. is one of the major pest of rice, therefore they are presence in the paddy field need to be carefully observed. Several methods have failed in finding an effective method to control BPH. On the other hand BPH has some effective natural enemies, such as egg parasitoids Oligosita sp., Anagrus sp. and Gonatocerus spp. The purpose of present study is to find the level of parasitism of BPH's egg parasitoids on local variety of Menthik Wangi rice plant at 20, 30, and 40 Days After Transplanting (DAT), in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted in the laboratory of Biological Control in Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, and on the paddy field, in Balecatur, Gamping, Sleman, DIY, from April 2003 to July 2003. The present study found there were Oligosita naias and Anagrus optabilis. In the 20 DAT plants, O. naias dominated parasitoid population ( 46,26% ) as well as at 30 DAT ( 23.92% out of 31.62% total parasitism ) and at 40 DAT ( 19.87% out of 22.65% total ). Oligosita naias has found on the field from 20 to 40 DAT, A. Optabilis emerged at 30 DAT. The level of parasitism decreased with the increase of plant age. Oligosita naias was found in 6 to 24 hours field incubation period, while A. optabilis was found on the plant in 24 hours field incubation period. O. naias was more potential as an agent of biological control compared than A. optabilis.

Kata Kunci : Hama Tanaman Padi,Wereng Batang,Parasitoid Telur, Nilaparvata lugens, egg parasitoid, potency