Populasi Keong Mas (Pomacea canaliculata) pada Pertanaman Padi Varietas Gamagora 7

Muhammad Rakata Bayuilalang, Dr. Tri Harjaka, S.P., M.P.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata) merupakan hama pada pertanaman padi yang sangat merusak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola distribusi dan kepadatan populasi keong mas khususnya pada pertanaman padi varietas Gamagora 7. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan rentan waktu bulan September hingga November 2025 di Kecamatan Turi, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei lapangan dengan teknik diagonal random sampling pada enam petak pengamatan. Kepadatan populasi keong mas dihitung dalam satuan individu/m2, sedangkan pola distribusi dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Morisita. Hubungan antara umur tanaman dengan tingkat kerusakan dianalisis dengan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola distribusi keong mas selama satu musim tanam padi bersifat mengelompok dengan nilai Indeks Morisita lebih dari satu. Rata-rata kepadatan populasi keong mas untuk semua ukuran tergolong kategori jarang. Kerusakan tanaman padi paling banyak terjadi pada fase vegetatif 1 hingga vegetatif 2, sedangkan pada fase generatif 1 hingga 2 cenderung menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya ketahanan tanaman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa umur tanaman dan kondisi lingkungan berperan dalam menentukan kepadatan dan distribusi keong mas.

Golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata) are highly destructive pests of rice crops. This study aims to determine the distribution pattern and population density of golden apple snails, especially in rice plantations of the Gamagora 7 variety.. The study was conducted from September to November 2025 in Turi District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. The method used was a field survey with a diagonal random sampling technique in six observation plots. The population density of golden apple snails was calculated in units of individuals/m2, while the distribution pattern was analyzed using the Morisita Index. The relationship between plant age and the level of damage was analyzed by regression. The results showed that the distribution pattern of golden apple snails during one rice growing season was clumped with a Morisita Index value of more than one. The average population density of golden apple snails for all sizes was categorized as rare. The most damage to rice plants occurred in the vegetative phase 1 to vegetative phase 2, while in the generative phase 1 to 2 it tended to decrease as plant resistance increased. The results of this study indicate that plant age and environmental conditions play a role in determining the density and distribution of golden apple snails.

Kata Kunci : keong mas, pola distribusi, padi Gamagora 7