Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan dan Persepsi terhadap Penerimaan Vaksin Influenza Pada Masyarakat di Kota Kediri

Fattasya Aulia Ramadina, Prof. Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, S.Farm., M. kes

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Influenza merupakan penyakit menular yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas, terutama pada kelompok rentan, seperti anak-anak, lansia, ibu hamil, dan penderita penyakit kronis. Vaksinasi influenza terbukti efektif dalam mencegah infeksi dan komplikasi, namun cakupan vaksinasi influenza di Indonesia masih rendah dan belum termasuk dalam program imunisasi nasional. Rendahnya cakupan ini diduga berkaitan dengan kurangnya pengetahuan, persepsi, serta penerimaan masyarakat terhadap vaksin influenza.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi  pengetahuan, persepsi, dan penerimaan vaksin influenza di kalangan masyarakat Kota Kediri.

Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian non-eksperimental kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian ini melibatkan 125 responden di Kota Kediri. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur yang menilai karakteristik sosiodemografi (usia, jenis kelamin, domisili, pendidikan, pendapatan, agama, sumber informasi, pengalaman vaksinasi), pengetahuan tentang influenza dan vaksin influenza, persepsi terhadap vaksin influenza, serta kesediaan menerima vaksin influenza. Telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas pada item pertanyaan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square melalui software IBM SPSS.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan baik (55,2%) dan persepsi positif  (60%) terhadap penyakit dan vaksin influenza. Penerimaan terhadap vaksin influenza tinggi (88%). Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan domain pendapatan pada karakteristik sosiodemografi (p=0,010), pengetahuan dengan persepsi responden (p=0,015). Selain itu,  pengetahuan dan persepsi juga berhubungan signifikan dengan kesediaan menerima vaksin (masing-masing p=0,018  dan p=0,000). Namun, ditemukan tidak ada hubungan antara domain selain pendapatan pada karakteristik sosiodemografi dengan pengetahuan (p>0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perlu dilakukan edukasi dan pendekatan sosial sehingga dapat memperluas edukasi vaksin influenza yang nantinya dapat meningkatkan penerimaan vaksin influenza pada masyarakat di Kota Kediri. 

Influenza is an infectious diseases that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality, especially among vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, and people with chronic diseases. Influenza vaccination has been proven effective in preventing infection and complications, but influenza vaccination coverage in Indonesia is still low and is not yet included in the national immunization program. This low coverage is thought to be related to a lack of knowledge, perception, and acceptance of the influenza vaccine among the public. This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge, perception, attitude, and acceptance of the influenza vaccine among the people of Kediri City.

This research employs a non-experimental quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 125 respondents in Kediri City. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, domicile, education, income, religion, sources of information, and vaccination history), knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccines, perceptions of influenza vaccination, and willingness to receive the influenza vaccine. Validity and reliability tests were conducted on all questionnaire items. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and through bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test with IBM SPSS software. 

The results showed that the majority of respondents had a good knowledge (55.2%) and positive perceptions (60%) of influenza diseases and vaccines. Acceptance of the influenza vaccine was high (88%). The Chi-Square test showed a significant association between knowledge and income (p=0.010), as well as between knowledge and respondents’ perceptions (p=0.015). Additionally, both knowledge and perception were significantly associated with willingness to receive the vaccine (p=0.018 and p=0.000, respectively). However, it was found that no significant association was found between knowledge and other sociodemographic characteristics besides income (p>0.05). This study concludes that educational efforts and social approaches are needed to expand public awareness of influenza vaccination, which may ultimately increase vaccine acceptance among the community in Kediri City.

Kata Kunci : Influenza, Vaksinasi, Pengetahuan, Persepsi, Penerimaan, Kota Kediri