Pengaruh umur pindah tanam dan warna mulsa plastik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tomat

SETYORINI, Dwi, Dr.Ir. Didik Indradewa

2005 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Kontinyuitas yang rendah produksi tomat menjadi kendala dalam industri tomat olahan di Indonesia. Salah satu cara tepat mengatasinya dengan penanaman tomat di luar musim atau di musim penghujan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur pindah tanam dan warna mulsa terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tomat di musim penghujan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan percobaan, Kebun Pendidikan, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, lokasi di Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta, mulai bulan Pebruari sampai Juni 2004. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan faktorial 2 faktor, faktor pertama umur pindah tanam ketika tanaman berumur 2, 3 dan 4 minggu, faktor kedua warna mulsa plastik terdiri dari mulsa hitam perak, biru, merah, putih dan tanpa mulsa, dan diatur dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Variabel pengamatan meliputi mikroklimat, pertumbuhan tanaman, produksi dan kualitas hasil. Tanaman yang dipindah tanam umur 4 minggu mempunyai pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil yang lebih tinggi daripada tanaman yang dipindahtanam umur 2 minggu. Tanaman yang ditanam di atas mulsa plastik hitam perak dan putih memiliki pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan mulsa lain, namun pertumbuhan gulma pada tanaman yang ditanam di atas mulsa plastik putih lebih tinggi dari pada pertumbuhan gulma pada tanaman yang ditanam di atas mulsa plastik hitam perak.

Low of continuity tomato production in a year has become the main constraint of tomato industries in Indonesia. The tomato planted out off season or the tomato planted at rain season could be solving method for that problem. The objectives of the research were to study the effects of the seedling ages and color of plastic mulches on the growth and yield of tomatoes in the rain season. The research was conducted at experimental field of KP4, Gadjah Mada University, located in Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta, from February up to June 2004. The Randomize Complete Block Design with factorial treatments was applied in this research and used 4 replications. The first factor was the seedling ages i.e. 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The second factor was color of mulches consisting black silver, blue, red, white mulches and without mulch. The observation variables included microclimate, plant growth, production and yield quality. The results showed the seedling age 4 weeks had higher plant growth and yield than the plants from seedling age 2 weeks had. The silver and white mulches stimulated the higher growth and yield of the plants compared to the other mulches did. But, the white mulch caused the higher growth of weeds than the black silver did.

Kata Kunci : Umur pindah tanam, warna mulsa, tomat, Seedling ages, mulch colors, tomato