Pola Penggunaan Sabun Cuci Muka (Facial Wash) dan Kejadian yang Tidak Diinginkan: Studi Cross-Sectional di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Keizha Kotte, apt. Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid, M.Eng, Ph.D.; Prof. Dr. apt. Chairun Wiedyaningsih, M.Kes., M.App.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Sabun cuci muka (facial wash) telah menjadi bagian penting dari rutinitas perawatan wajah harian. Meskipun tergolong produk sekali bilas (rinse-off) yang relatif aman, kandungan bahan di dalamnya dapat memicu kejadian yang tidak diinginkan (Cosmetic-Related Adverse Event/CRAE). Rendahnya kesadaran pelaporan efek samping (cosmetovigilance) produk facial wash di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) mendorong penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pola penggunaan facial wash, kejadian CRAE, serta hubungannya dengan karakteristik sosiodemografi dan perilaku penggunaan facial wash pada masyarakat dewasa di Provinsi DIY.

Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional pada pengguna facial wash yang berdomisili di Provinsi DIY. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner secara daring menggunakan teknik convenience sampling dengan jumlah responden disesuaikan kriteria inklusi. Analisis data mencakup analisis univariat secara deskriptif, bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square, serta multivariat dengan regresi logistik.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angka kejadian CRAE tergolong rendah (29,7%). Manifestasi gejala didominasi oleh kulit kering atau ketarik berlebihan (22,3%), beruntusan (16,9%), dan gatal (pruritus) (15,4%), dengan onset cepat kurang dari 6 jam (12,4%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor sosiodemografi berupa riwayat diagnosis klinis alergi (p = 0,031) dengan kejadian CRAE. Berkaitan dengan pola penggunaan facial wash, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kejadian CRAE dengan riwayat pergantian sediaan/brand facial wash (p = 0,024) dan interval pergantian sediaan/brand facial wash (p = 0,029). Meskipun demikian, analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variabel independen tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan, baik secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap terjadinya CRAE (p > 0,05). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kejadian CRAE bukan hanya ditentukan oleh profil demografi, melainkan lebih dipengaruhi oleh kerentanan individu dan perilaku pergantian produk. 

 

Kata Kunci: Kosmetik, facial wash, penggunaan kosmetik, alergi, dan inflamasi.

Facial washes constitute an integral component of daily skincare regimens. Although classified as relatively safe rinse-off products, their constituent ingredients possess the potential to precipitate Cosmetic-Related Adverse Events (CRAE). The paucity of cosmetovigilance awareness regarding facial wash products in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) prompted this study to analyze usage patterns, the incidence of facial wash-induced CRAE, and their correlations with sociodemographic characteristics and usage behaviors among the adult population in DIY.

This study employed an observational design with a cross-sectional approach, targeting facial wash users domiciled within the DIY province. Data collection was conducted via online questionnaires utilizing a convenience sampling technique, with respondents selected based on established inclusion criteria. Data analysis encompassed descriptive univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis employing logistic regression.

The findings revealed that the incidence rate of CRAE was relatively low (29.7%). Symptom manifestations were predominantly characterized by excessive dryness or tightness (22.3%), breakouts (16.9%), and pruritus (15.4%), with a rapid onset occurring within less than six hours (12.4%). A statistically significant correlation was observed between CRAE incidence and specific sociodemographic factors, notably a history of clinically diagnosed allergies (p = 0.031). Regarding facial wash usage patterns, significant associations were identified between CRAE and both the history of product switching (p = 0.024) and the switching interval (p = 0.029). Nevertheless, multivariate analysis demonstrated that none of the independent variables exerted a significant influence on CRAE occurrence, neither simultaneously nor partially (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that CRAE incidence is not solely predicated on demographic profiles but is rather more heavily influenced by individual susceptibility and product switching behaviors.

Keywords: Cosmetics, facial wash, cosmetics use, allergy, and inflammation.

Kata Kunci : Kosmetik, facial wash, penggunaan kosmetik, alergi, dan inflamasi.