Pengaruh Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) dan Deferred Tax Expense terhadap Tax Avoidance dengan Kepemilikan Institusional sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi pada Perusahaan Publik yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2020–2024)

Klara Karina Mahardika, Heyvon Herdhayinta, S.E., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | AKUNTANSI

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) dan Deferred Tax Expense (DTE) terhadap Tax Avoidance dengan kepemilikan institusional sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan publik nonkeuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2020–2024. Tax Avoidance diproksikan menggunakan Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR), serta model penelitian dikontrol oleh ukuran perusahaan, Return on Assets (ROA), leverage, capital intensity, dan umur perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data panel yang mencakup 33 perusahaan dan menghasilkan 165 observasi selama lima tahun pengamatan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) yang diolah dengan perangkat lunak STATA versi 17 untuk memperoleh estimasi yang robust terhadap potensi heteroskedastisitas dan autokorelasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ESG berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Tax Avoidance, sedangkan DTE tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Kepemilikan institusional terbukti memoderasi hubungan antara ESG dan Tax Avoidance. Namun, kepemilikan institusional tidak memoderasi hubungan antara DTE dan Tax Avoidance.

This study analyzes the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Deferred Tax Expense (DTE) on Tax Avoidance, with institutional ownership as a moderating variable in non-financial public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. Tax Avoidance is proxied by the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR), and the research model is controlled by firm size, Return on Assets (ROA), leverage, capital intensity, and firm age. This study employs a quantitative approach using panel data covering 33 companies and generating 165 observations over five years of observation. The analysis is conducted using the Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) method processed with STATA version 17 software to obtain robust estimates against potential heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. The results indicate that ESG has a significant effect on Tax Avoidance, while DTE has no significant effect. Institutional ownership is proven to moderate the relationship between ESG and Tax Avoidance. However, institutional ownership does not moderate the relationship between DTE and Tax Avoidance.

Kata Kunci : ESG, Deferred Tax Expense, Tax Avoidance, Cash Effective Tax Rate, Kepemilikan Institusional