Eksplorasi Pengalaman Pasien Spinal Cord Injury dalam Melakukan Adaptasi Rumah Pascaperawatan di RSUP Dr. Sardjito

Muhammad Azka Naj'han, Arifin Triyanto, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.MB., Dr. Sri Mulyani, S.Kep., Ns., M.Ng

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Spinal cord injury (SCI) merupakan cedera medula spinalis yang menimbulkan gangguan fisik, psikologis, dan sosial, serta menjadi penyebab utama kecacatan. Setelah keluar dari rumah sakit, pasien menghadapi tantangan adaptasi di rumah yang memengaruhi kemandirian dan kualitas hidup. Adaptasi rumah pascaperawatan penting, namun penelitian di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengalaman pasien spinal cord injury dalam melakukan adaptasi rumah pascaperawatan di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman pasien spinal cord injury dalam melakukan adaptasi rumah pascaperawatan di RSUP Dr. Sardjito

Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif eksploratif ini melibatkan 8 pasien spinal cord injury yang pernah berkunjung di RSUP Dr. Sardjito selama periode Januari 2024 hingga Oktober 2025. Partisipan didapatkan dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah peneliti itu sendiri. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara semi terstruktur. Kemudian data hasil wawancara direkam, ditranskrip, dan dianalisis.

Hasil: Analisis data menghasilkan empat tema utama yang menggambarkan pengalaman adaptasi rumah pasien spinal cord injury. Tema pertama, keterbatasan adaptasi fisik, mencerminkan kebutuhan partisipan menghadapi perubahan mobilitas dan perawatan diri. Tema kedua, situasi psikologis, meliputi respons emosional, harapan, dan strategi koping. Tema ketiga, suasana adaptasi, mencerminkan pengalaman menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan ruang, penggunaan alat bantu, proses rehabilitasi, serta dukungan keluarga dan sosial. Tema keempat, penentu adaptasi, mencakup hambatan di rumah serta kapasitas dan prioritas ekonomi yang memengaruhi kemampuan partisipan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi rumah bagi pasien spinal cord injury merupakan pengalaman kompleks yang melibatkan aspek fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan lingkungan.

Kesimpulan: Pasien spinal cord injury melakukan adaptasi rumah dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu dengan kebutuhan adaptasi, konteks adaptasi, dan respon lingkungan

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a spinal cord injury that causes physical, psychological, and social impairments and is a leading cause of disability. After hospital discharge, patients face challenges adapting to their home, impacting their independence and quality of life. Post-discharge home adaptation is crucial, but research in Indonesia is limited. This study aims to explore the experiences of SCI patients adapting to their home after discharge at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital.

Research Objective: This study aims to explore the experiences of spinal cord injury patients adapting to their home after discharge at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital.

Method: This qualitative study, using a descriptive exploratory approach, involved eight spinal cord injury patients who visited Dr. Sardjito General Hospital between January 2024 and October 2025. Participants were recruited using a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument used is the researcher himself. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. The interview data were then recorded, transcribed, and analyzed.

Result: Data analysis yielded four main themes describing the home adaptation experiences of spinal cord injury patients. The first theme, limitations of physical adaptation, reflects participants' needs to cope with changes in mobility and selfcare. The second theme, psychological circumstances, encompasses emotional responses, expectations, and coping strategies. The third theme, atmosphere of adaptation, reflects experiences adjusting to spatial changes, the use of assistive devices, the rehabilitation process, and family and social support. The fourth theme, determinants of adaptation, encompasses barriers at home and economic capacities and priorities that influence participants' abilities. These findings indicate that home adaptation for spinal cord injury patients is a complex experience involving physical, psychological, social, and environmental aspects.

Conclusion: Spinal cord injury patients adapt to their homes in several stages, namely adaptation needs, adaptation context, and environmental response.

Kata Kunci : Adaptasi rumah, kualitatif, spinal cord injury