HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN SELF-EFFICACY MENYUSUI IBU POSTPARTUM DENGAN PERLEKATAN SAAT MENYUSUI BAYI DI RUANG MATERNAL RS AKADEMIK UGM

WAHYU PRATIWI, Ayyu Sandhi, S.Kep., Ns., M.Sc., Ph.D ; Sinta Khrisnamurti, S.Kep, Ners, M.Kep

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar belakang: Menyusui merupakan suatu proses fisiologis yang bertujuan untuk memberikan nutrisi berupa ASI (Air Susu Ibu) kepada bayi. Perlekatan dan posisi bayi yang tidak tepat saat proses menyusui dapat mengakibatkan bayi hanya mengisap puting ibu, yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan bayi tidak menyusu secara efektif. Dukungan yang konsisten dan terintegrasi terbukti meningkatkan keyakinan diri ibu dan memperkuat motivasi, sehingga berkontribusi pada keberhasilan perlekatan bayi dan keberlanjutan menyusui. Meskipun dukungan sosial dan breastfeeding self-efficacy diketahui berperan dalam keberhasilan menyusui, kajian yang secara khusus mengaitkannya dengan perlekatan bayi masih terbatas.
Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial dan self-efficacy menyusui ibu postpartum dengan perlekatan saat menyusui bayi.
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analitik korelasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2025 kepada 42 ibu postpartum yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale-Short Form dan lembar observasi LATCH assessment tool. Analisa univariat digunakan untuk menganalisa karakteristik responden, variabel dukungan sosial, self efficay, dan perlekatan saat menyusui, sementara analisa bivariat spearman’s rank digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan perlekatan serta self efficay dengan perlekatan.
Hasil: Responden memiliki dukungan sosial yang tinggi dengan rata-rata skor 6,0. Lebih dari setengah responden (66,7%) memiliki self-efficacy menyusui yang tinggi. Sejumlah 29 ibu postpartum (69%) memiliki perlekatan yang tinggi. Hasil uji korelasi menggunakan Spearman Rank menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan perlekatan saat menyusui pada ibu postpartum dengan tingkat keeratan hubungan sangat kuat (p=0,022; r=0,890). 
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan yang kuat antara dukungan sosial dengan perlekatan saat menyusui bayi pada ibu postpartum di Ruang Maternal RS Akademik UGM. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara self-efficacy dengan perlekatan saat menyusui bayi pada ibu postpartum di Ruang Maternal RS Akademik UGM.

Background: Breastfeeding is a physiological process that aims to provide nutrition in the form of breast milk to babies. Improper attachment and positioning of the baby during breastfeeding can cause the baby to only suck on the mother's nipple, which ultimately results in ineffective breastfeeding. Consistent and integrated support has been shown to increase mothers' self-confidence and strengthen their motivation, thereby contributing to successful infant attachment and continued breastfeeding. Although social support and breastfeeding self-efficacy are important for successful breastfeeding, only few studies have specifically linked them to infant attachment.
Research objective: To determine the relationship between social support and breastfeeding self-efficacy in postpartum mothers and infant attachment during breastfeeding.
Method: Quantitative research using a correlational analytical method with a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in December 2025 on 42 postpartum mothers selected using total sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire, Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale-Short Form, and LATCH assessment tool observation sheet. Univariate analysis was used to analyze respondent characteristics, social support variables, self-efficacy, and latching during breastfeeding, while Spearman's rank bivariate analysis was used to determine the relationship between social support and latching as well as self-efficacy and latching.
Results: Respondents had high social support with an average score of 6.0. More than half of the respondents (66.7%) had high breastfeeding self-efficacy. A total of 29 postpartum mothers (69%) had high attachment. The results of the correlation test using Spearman Rank showed a relationship between social support and attachment during breastfeeding in postpartum mothers with a very strong level of relationship (p=0.022; r=0.890). 
Conclusion: There is a strong significant relationship between social support and breastfeeding attachment in postpartum mothers in the Maternal Ward of UGM Academic Hospital. There is no relationship between self-efficacy and breastfeeding attachment in postpartum mothers in the Maternal Ward of UGM Academic Hospital.

Kata Kunci : dukungan sosial, self-efficacy, perlekatan saat menyusui, ibu postpartum