Optimasi Formula Cangkang Kapsul Keras Berbasis Pati Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.) dengan Penambahan Gliserin sebagai Plasticizer
Rida Lafaiza Uma Khoir, Prof. Dr. apt. TN Saifullah Sulaiman, M.Si.; apt. Farida Nur Aziza, MGMP.
2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI
Hard capsule shells are commonly produced from animal-derived gelatin, which has limitations related to halal issues and safety concerns. Therefore, alternative materials derived from local natural resources are needed. One potential material is arrowroot starch (Maranta arundinacea L.), which contains a high amylopectin content and has the ability to form a film matrix. This study aimed to formulate and optimize hard capsule shells based on arrowroot starch with the addition of glycerin as a plasticizer to obtain physical and mechanical characteristics that meet standard requirements.
The study was conducted experimentally in the laboratory using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with Design-Expert 13.0 software to determine the optimum proportion of arrowroot starch and glycerin. The concentration of arrowroot starch was set at 6–10%, while glycerin was set at 5–9%. The prepared capsule shells were evaluated through organoleptic tests (shape, color, odor, and texture), physical specifications (length, diameter, thickness, volume, and weight), swelling test, tensile strength, and disintegration time in acidic solution. The experimental data were analyzed using Design-Expert 13.0 to determine the optimum formulation with the highest desirability value, followed by statistical confirmation using a one-sample t-test at a 95% confidence level.
The optimization results showed that the optimum formulation consisted of 10% arrowroot starch and 5% glycerin, with a desirability value of 0.891. The optimum capsule shells exhibited cylindrical shape, pale cloudy white color, odorless properties, and a rigid texture, with a body length of 19.80 ± 0.60 mm and cap length of 12.48 ± 0.40 mm; body diameter of 7.99 ± 0.40 mm and cap diameter of 7.99 ± 0.14 mm; volume of 0.65 ± 0.04 mL; thickness of 0.33 ± 0.03 mm; weight of 134.87 mg; swelling of 180.66 ± 2.76%; and disintegration time in acidic solution of 779.00 ± 18.08 s. The experimental results of the optimum formulation showed no significant differences compared to the predicted values for thickness, swelling, and disintegration time. Therefore, arrowroot starch has strong potential to be developed as a non-gelatin alternative material for hard capsule shells.
Kata Kunci : Cangkang kapsul keras, pati garut, gliserin, plasticizer, optimasi