Negosiasi Investasi Bilateral: Peran Pemerintah Korea Selatan dalam Memfasilitasi Masuknya FDI Korea Selatan ke Indonesia Studi Kasus: FDI Sektor Otomotif dan Electric Vehicle

Alyssa Aurelia Primayulita, Dr. Rochdi Mohan Nazala

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Tesis ini berjudul “Negosiasi Investasi Bilateral: Peran Pemerintah Korea Selatan dalam Memfasilitasi Masuknya FDI Korea Selatan ke Indonesia. Studi Kasus: Sektor Otomotif dan Electric Vehicle”. Dengan melihat proses negosiasi melalui Two-Tier Bargaining Model yang dikembangkan oleh Ravi Ramamurti (2001) dan keterkaitannya dengan Neomerkantilisme yang dijelaskan oleh Theodore H Cohn (2021), penelitian ini mencoba menjelaskan bahwa pemerintah khususnya dari negara asal (home country) memiliki peranan yang krusial dalam mendorong dan memfasilitasi investasi perusahaan nasionalnya di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi kasus investasi Hyundai melalui analisis dokumen resmi, perjanjian bilateral, dan kerangka IK-CEPA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah Korea Selatan berperan aktif dalam seluruh tahapan negosiasi melalui dukungan kebijakan, diplomasi ekonomi, dan keterlibatan langsung, serta diwarnai kontestasi dengan Indonesia terkait TKDN, insentif fiskal, dan transfer teknologi. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa dinamika Two-Tier Bargaining tidak berjalan seimbang, di mana tier-1 yang terjadi antar pemerintah home dan host country menjadi penentu utama hasil negosiasi, sementara tier-2 antara pemerintah host country dan perusahaan multinasional cenderung implementatif. Keselarasan kepentingan antar aktor turut meminimalkan konflik sehingga kesepakatan kerjasama relatif lebih mudah tercapai. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa dalam kerangka neomerkantilisme, negara berperan strategis dalam mengarahkan FDI melalui negosiasi bilateral.

This thesis is entitled "Bilateral Investment Negotiations: The Role of the South Korean Government in Facilitating South Korean FDI Inflow into Indonesia. Case Study: Automotive and Electric Vehicle Sector." By examining the negotiation process through the Two-Tier Bargaining Model developed by Ravi Ramamurti (and its relationship with Neomercantilism explained by Theodore H. Cohn , this study attempts to explain that the government, especially from the home country, has a crucial role in encouraging and facilitating investment by its national companies in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study of Hyundai's investment through analysis of official documents, bilateral agreements, and the IK-CEPA framework. The results show that the South Korean government played an active role in all stages of the negotiations through policy support, economic diplomacy, and direct involvement, and was also marked by contestation with Indonesia regarding TKDN, fiscal incentives, and technology transfer. The main findings indicate that the dynamics of Two-tier bargaining are not balanced, where tier-1, which occurs between the home and host country governments, is the main determinant of the negotiation outcome, while tier-2, between the host country government and multinational companies, tends to be implementative. Alignment of interests between actors helps minimize conflict, making it relatively easier to reach cooperation agreements. This research confirms that within the neo-mercantilist framework, the state plays a strategic role in directing FDI through bilateral negotiations.

Kata Kunci : FDI, Korea Selatan, Indonesia, Two-Tier Bargaining, Neomerkantilisme, IK-CEPA, Hyundai, Electric Vehicle.