Perilaku Konsumsi Pangan Bertanggung Jawab terhadap Ketahanan Pangan Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Sleman

Lidia Tri Aisyah, Prof. Dr. Ir. Siti Andarwati, S.Pt., M.P., IPU., ASEAN Eng,; Alia Bihrajihant Raya, S.P., M.P., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya volume sampah makanan rumah tangga di Indonesia, termasuk di Kabupaten Sleman, yang belum diimbangi dengan pemahaman mengenai perilaku konsumsi pangan bertanggung jawab sebagai bagian dari upaya penguatan ketahanan pangan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan perilaku konsumsi pangan bertanggung jawab pada rumah tangga di wilayah urban, semi-urban, dan rural Kabupaten Sleman; mengidentifikasi jenis sampah makanan yang paling banyak dihasilkan rumah tangga; serta menganalisis pengaruh sikap dalam zero food waste, norma tanggung jawab sosial, dan self-efficacy terhadap perilaku konsumsi pangan bertanggung jawab dan ketahanan pangan keluarga. 

Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan desain deskriptif-komparatif pada 180 rumah tangga yang dipilih melalui multi-stage random sampling di Kalurahan Condongcatur, Sidomulyo, dan Bangunkerto. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney U dengan koreksi Bonferroni, serta Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). 

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku konsumsi pangan bertanggung jawab berbeda antara rumah tangga di wilayah urban dengan wilayah semi-urban dan rural, sedangkan wilayah semi-urban dan rural menunjukkan pola yang serupa. Jenis sampah makanan yang paling banyak dibuang di seluruh wilayah adalah makanan matang, berupa nasi dan sayur masak, dengan jumlah lebih besar pada rumah tangga beranggota lebih dari empat orang. Sikap dalam zero food waste, norma tanggung jawab sosial, dan self-efficacy berpengaruh terhadap perilaku konsumsi pangan bertanggung jawab. Sikap dalam zero food waste, norma tanggung jawab sosial, serta perilaku konsumsi pangan bertanggung jawab berpengaruh langsung terhadap ketahanan pangan keluarga, sedangkan self-efficacy berpengaruh melalui perilaku konsumsi pangan bertanggung jawab sebagai variabel mediasi.

This study is motivated by the high volume of household food waste in Indonesia, including in Sleman Regency, which has not been accompanied by sufficient understanding of responsible food consumption behavior as part of efforts to strengthen household food security. The study aims to analyze differences in responsible food consumption behavior among households in urban, semi-urban, and rural areas of Sleman Regency; to identify the types of food waste most commonly generated by households; and to examine the influence of zero food waste attitudes, social responsibility norms, and self-efficacy on responsible food consumption behavior and household food security.

This research employed an explanatory quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative design involving 180 households selected through multi-stage random sampling in Condongcatur, Sidomulyo, and Bangunkerto. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction, as well as Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).

The results show that responsible food consumption behavior differs between households in urban areas and those in semi-urban and rural areas, while households in semi-urban and rural areas show similar patterns. Cooked food, particularly rice and cooked vegetables, represents the most common type of food waste across all areas, with larger quantities generated by households with more than four family members. Zero food waste attitudes, social responsibility norms, and self-efficacy influence responsible food consumption behavior. Zero food waste attitudes, social responsibility norms, and responsible food consumption behavior also have direct effects on household food security, while self-efficacy influences food security indirectly through responsible food consumption behavior as a mediating variable.

Kata Kunci : zero food waste, self-efficacy, konsumsi pangan, bertanggung jawab, ketahanan pangan.