Percepatan Pembangunan Kawasan Berkebutuhan Khusus di Kabupaten Kampar

Ardi Mardiansyah, Dr. Agus Joko Pitoyo, MA

2026 | Disertasi | S3 STUDI KEBIJAKAN

Kemiskinan ekstrem di kawasan Suaka Margasatwa Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling (SM-BRBB) merupakan persoalan kebijakan yang kompleks karena berada pada persinggungan antara konservasi lingkungan, keterisolasian geografis, dan keterbatasan intervensi pembangunan konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis relasi sosial-ekologis penduduk dengan kawasan SM-BRBB, faktor- faktor yang memengaruhi implementasi kebijakan penanggulangannya, serta merumuskan model kebijakan percepatan penanggulangan kemiskinan ekstrim di kawasan SM-BRBB.

Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan dukungan data kuantitatif deskriptif melalui studi kasus di Kecamatan Kampar Kiri Hulu. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, kuesioner persepsi masyarakat, dan studi dokumen, serta dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan ekstrem di SM- BRBB bersifat multidimensional dan struktural, dipengaruhi oleh ketergantungan pada komoditas karet yang mengalami penurunan harga, keterbatasan akses layanan dasar, pembatasan ekologis kawasan konservasi, serta kuatnya relasi sosial- ekologis masyarakat adat dengan hutan.

Implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan kemiskinan ekstrem tidak berjalan optimal akibat fragmentasi kelembagaan, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan ketidaksesuaian desain program dengan konteks konservasi. Namun demikian, kapasitas aktor lokal, pranata adat, dan modal sosial masyarakat terbukti berperan penting dalam menjaga keberlanjutan intervensi. Berdasarkan analisis kebijakan hierarkis, penelitian ini merumuskan model percepatan penanggulangan kemiskinan ekstrem berbasis hybrid governance dan collaborative governance yang menekankan konservasi harus bersifat adaptif, kolaboratif, dan sensitif terhadap batasan ekologis. Model ini menempatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan kelestarian hutan sebagai tujuan yang saling memperkuat dalam kerangka pembangunan berkelanjutan

 

Extreme poverty in the Suaka Margasatwa Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling (SM- BRBB), a designated wildlife reserve, constitutes a complex policy problem because it lies at the intersection of environmental conservation, geographic isolation, and the limited effectiveness of conventional development interventions. This study aims to analyze the social–ecological relationships between local communities and the SM-BRBB area, identify factors influencing the implementation of extreme poverty alleviation policies, and formulate a policy model to accelerate the reduction of extreme poverty within the SM-BRBB context.

The study adopts a qualitative approach, supported by descriptive quantitative data, through a case study conducted in Kampar Kiri Hulu Subdistrict. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, community perception questionnaires, and document analysis, and were examined using an interactive analysis model. The findings indicate that extreme poverty in SM-BRBB is multidimensional and structural in nature, shaped by dependence on rubber commodities amid declining prices, limited access to basic services, ecological restrictions associated with conservation areas, and the strong social–ecological ties between Indigenous communities and forest ecosystems.

The implementation of extreme poverty alleviation policies has not operated optimally due to institutional fragmentation, limited resources, and program designs that are poorly aligned with conservation contexts. Nevertheless, the capacity of local actors, customary institutions, and community social capital has proven crucial in sustaining interventions. Based on a hierarchical policy analysis, this study proposes a model for accelerating extreme poverty alleviation grounded in hybrid governance and collaborative governance, emphasizing that conservation must be adaptive, collaborative, and sensitive to ecological constraints. This model positions community welfare and forest conservation as mutually reinforcing objectives within the framework of sustainable development.

Kata Kunci : SM-BRBB, kemiskinan ekstrim, implementasi kebijakan, collaborative governance