PERAN KEMENTERIAN KOORDINATOR BIDANG HUKUM, HAM, IMIGRASI, DAN PEMASYARAKATAN DALAM KOORDINASI PEMENUHAN HAK-HAK WNI KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG DI KAMBOJA

J.RAMADHONI, Prof.Dr.Heribertus Jaka Triyana,S.H.,LL.M.,M.A

2026 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HUKUM JAKARTA

Penelitian ini mengkaji peran Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Hukum, HAM, Imigrasi, dan Pemasyarakatan (Kemenko Kumham Imipas) dalam mengoordinasikan pemenuhan hak-hak WNI korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (TPPO) di Kamboja. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis peran koordinatif Kemenko Kumham Imipas serta mengidentifikasi hambatan dan strategi koordinasi dalam penanganan kasus TPPO lintas negara. Urgensi penelitian ini meningkat seiring melonjaknya kasus WNI yang menjadi korban penipuan digital dan kerja paksa di Kamboja. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan empiris. Pendekatan normatif menelaah regulasi nasional dan internasional terkait TPPO dan perlindungan WNI, sedangkan pendekatan empiris dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan Kemenlu, Ditjen Imigrasi, dan KBRI Phnom Penh, serta analisis dokumen kasus. Kombinasi keduanya memberikan gambaran yang utuh antara mandat hukum dan implementasi koordinasi di lapangan, termasuk mekanisme pertukaran informasi, pengambilan keputusan evakuasi, dan proses pemulangan korban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kemenko Kumham Imipas telah menjalankan fungsi koordinatifnya melalui sinkronisasi kebijakan, program pencegahan, pengembangan media pertukaran data, serta koordinasi pemulangan WNI. Namun, hambatan seperti ego sektoral, belum optimalnya integrasi data, perbedaan SOP antarlembaga, dan ketidaksamaan persepsi terkait kategori korban masih menjadi tantangan utama. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa efektivitas koordinasi dapat ditingkatkan melalui penguatan sistem informasi terintegrasi, penyeragaman prosedur, dan komunikasi lintas sektor yang lebih konsisten. Kata kunci: koordinasi kebijakan, TPPO, perlindungan WNI, kerja sama antar-lembaga, Kamboja.

ABSTRACT This study examines the coordinating role of the Coordinating Ministry for Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections (Kemenko Kumham Imipas) in ensuring the fulfillment of the rights of Indonesian citizens (WNI) who became victims of human trafficking (TPPO) in Cambodia. The research aims to analyze how the Ministry orchestrates cross-sectoral mechanisms and to identify the primary obstacles and coordination strategies applied in handling transnational trafficking cases. This issue has gained urgency with the rising number of WNI exploited through cyber-scam operations and forced labor practices in Cambodia. A combined normative-juridical and empirical approach was employed. The normative component reviewed national and international legal frameworks, including Law No. 21/2007, Law No. 6/2011, Presidential Regulation No. 142/2024, the Palermo Protocol, and ACTIP. The empirical component involved interviews with key institutions (Kemenlu, Directorate General of Immigration, and the Embassy of Indonesia in Phnom Penh) and case documentation to observe the implementation of coordination, data integration, decision-making, and repatriation practices. This approach enabled the research to bridge legal mandates with real-world institutional dynamics. The findings show that Kemenko Kumham Imipas carries out its coordinating mandate in policy synchronization, prevention programs, data-sharing initiatives, and repatriation of victims. However, several barriers persist, including sectoral ego, fragmented data systems, inconsistent victim categorization, and varying institutional procedures. The study concludes that although the Ministry’s coordination aligns with its normative mandate, effectiveness remains dependent on the strengthening of integrated information systems, clearer SOPs, and improved inter-agency communication. Keywords: policy coordination, human trafficking, WNI protection, inter-agency cooperation, Cambodia.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: koordinasi kebijakan, TPPO, perlindungan WNI, kerja sama antar-lembaga, Kamboja.